Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from plug-in hybrid vehicles: implications for policy.
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Life cycle GHG emissions from PHEVs are assessed and it is found that they reduceGHG emissions by 32% compared to conventional vehicles, but have small reductions compared to traditional hybrids.Abstract:
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which use electricity from the grid to power a portion of travel, could play a role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector. However, meaningful GHG emissions reductions with PHEVs are conditional on low-carbon electricity sources. We assess life cycle GHG emissions from PHEVs and find that they reduce GHG emissions by 32% compared to conventional vehicles, but have small reductions compared to traditional hybrids. Batteries are an important component of PHEVs, and GHGs associated with lithium-ion battery materials and production account for 2–5% of life cycle emissions from PHEVs. We consider cellulosic ethanol use and various carbon intensities of electricity. The reduced liquid fuel requirements of PHEVs could leverage limited cellulosic ethanol resources. Electricity generation infrastructure is long-lived, and technology decisions within the next decade about electricity supplies in the power sector will affect the potential for l...read more
Citations
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Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage
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Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles
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Review of the Impact of Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies on Distribution Systems and Utility Interfaces
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Contribution of Li-Ion Batteries to the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles
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Beyond batteries: an examination of the benefits and barriers to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) transition
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TL;DR: This article evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol and found that current corn ethanol technologies are much less petroleum-intensive than gasoline but have greenhouse gas emissions similar to those of gasoline, and that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology.
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TL;DR: It is already clear that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology and new metrics that measure specific resource inputs are developed, but further research into environmental metrics is needed.
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Willett Kempton,Jasna Tomić +1 more
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