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Mammalian caspases: structure ,a ctivation ,s ubstrates, and functions during apoptosis
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TLDR
Caspases, a family of cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases, are prominent among the death proteases as discussed by the authors, and they play critical roles in initiation and execution of this process.Abstract:
■ Abstract Apoptosis is a genetically programmed, morphologically distinct form of cell death that can be triggered by a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli. Studies performed over the past 10 years have demonstrated that proteases play critical roles in initiation and execution of this process. The caspases, a family of cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases, are prominent among the death proteases. Caspases are synthesized as relatively inactive zymogens that become activated by scaffold-mediated transactivation or by cleavage via upstream proteases in an intracellular cascade. Regulation of caspase activation and activity occurs at several different levels: ( a) Zymogen gene transcription is regulated; ( b) antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family and other cellular polypeptides block proximity-induced activation of certain procaspases; and ( c) certain cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) can bind to and inhibit active caspases. Once activated, caspases cleave a variety of intracellular polypeptides, including major structural elements of the cytoplasm and nucleus, components of the DNA repair machinery, and a number of protein kinases. Collectively, these scissions disrupt survival pathways and disassemble important architectural components of the cell, contributing to the stereotypic morphological and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cell death.read more
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Apoptosis in cardiac disease - What is it - How does it occur
TL;DR: This review will present a summary of a description of apoptotic pathways in the heart, followed by ways to measure it and the experimental and clinical evidence for the role of apoptosis in cardiac disease.
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Caspase-dependent apoptosis in light-induced retinal degeneration.
TL;DR: In the authors' model of retinal degeneration, photoreceptor cells die through a caspase-dependent mechanism, however, the molecular events involved during and after light exposure seemed to implicate different proteases.
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Bee venom induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervical epidermoid carcinoma Ca Ski cells.
Siu Wan Ip,Hsiu Chuan Wei,Jing Pin Lin,Hsiu Maan Kuo,Kuo Ching Liu,Shu Chun Hsu,Jai Sing Yang,[No Value] Mei-Dueyang,Tsan Hung Chiu,Sang Mi Han,Sang Mi Han,Jing Gung Chung +11 more
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Thymidylate synthase inhibition triggers apoptosis via caspases-8 and -9 in both wild-type and mutant p53 colon cancer cell lines.
H. H. J. Backus,Dorine Wouters,Carlos Gil Ferreira,V.M.M van Houten,Ruud H. Brakenhoff,Herbert M. Pinedo,G.J. Peters +6 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that apoptosis induced after specific inhibition of TS is mediated via the caspases, but without clear involvement of Fas signalling, as indicated by induction of apoptosis in Lovo cells.
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The HECTD3 E3 ubiquitin ligase facilitates cancer cell survival by promoting K63-linked polyubiquitination of caspase-8.
Yexiong Li,Yanjie Kong,Zhongmei Zhou,Hui Chen,Zehua Wang,Hsieh Yc,Dong Zhao,Zhi X,Huang J,Jing Zhang,Hongmin Li,Hongmin Li,Ceshi Chen +12 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest that caspase-8 ubiquitination by HECTD3 confers cancer cell survival.
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