Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer.
William J. Catalona,Deborah S. Smith,Timothy L. Ratliff,Kathy M. Dodds,Douglas E. Coplen,Jerry J.J. Yuan,John A. Petros,Gerald L. Andriole +7 more
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TLDR
The combination of measurement of the serum PSA concentration and rectal examination, with ultrasonography performed in patients with abnormal findings, provides a better method of detecting prostate cancer thanrectal examination alone.Abstract:
Background. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is secreted exclusively by prostatic epithelial cells, and its serum concentration is increased in men with prostatic disease, including cancer. We evaluated its usefulness in the detection and staging of prostate cancer. Methods. We measured serum PSA concentrations in 1653 healthy men 50 or more years old. Those with PSA values ≥4.0 μg per liter then underwent rectal examination and prostatic ultrasonography. Ultrasound-directed prostatic needle biopsies were performed in the men with abnormal findings on rectal examination, ultrasonography, or both. The results were compared with those in 300 consecutively studied men 50 or more years old who underwent ultrasound-directed biopsy because of symptoms or abnormal findings on rectal examination. Results. Serum PSA levels ranged from 4.0 to 9.9 μ9 per liter in 6.5 percent of the 1653 men (107). Nineteen of the 85 men in this group (22 percent) who had prostatic biopsies had prostate cancer. Serum PSA leve...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Screening and Prostate-Cancer Mortality in a Randomized European Study
Fritz H. Schröder,Jonas Hugosson,Monique J. Roobol,Stefano Ciatto,Vera Nelen,Maciej Kwiatkowski,Marcos Lujan,Hans Lilja,Marco Zappa,Louis Denis,Franz Recker,A. Berenguer,Liisa Määttänen,Chris H. Bangma,Gunnar Aus,Arnauld Villers,Xavier Rebillard,Theodorus van der Kwast,Bert G. Blijenberg,Sue Moss,Harry J. de Koning,Anssi Auvinen +21 more
TL;DR: PSA-based screening reduced the rate of death from prostate cancer by 20% but was associated with a high risk of overdiagnosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of Prostate Cancer among Men with a Prostate-Specific Antigen Level ≤4.0 ng per Milliliter
Ian M. Thompson,Donna K. Pauler,Phyllis J. Goodman,Catherine M. Tangen,M. Scott Lucia,Howard L. Parnes,Lori M. Minasian,Leslie G. Ford,Scott M. Lippman,E. David Crawford,John Crowley,Charles A. Coltman +11 more
TL;DR: Biopsy-detected prostate cancer, including high-grade cancers, is not rare among men with PSA levels of 4.0 ng per milliliter or less--levels generally thought to be in the normal range.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: Recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference
Mack Roach,Gerald E. Hanks,Howard D. Thames,Paul F. Schellhammer,William U. Shipley,Gerald H. Sokol,Howard M. Sandler +6 more
TL;DR: The panel recommended that investigators be allowed to use the ASTRO Consensus Definition after EBRT alone (no hormonal therapy) with strict adherence to guidelines as to "adequate follow-up."
Journal ArticleDOI
American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer.
TL;DR: Recommendations for the “cancer‐related check‐up,” in which clinical encounters provide case‐finding and health counseling opportunities, and an update of the most recent data pertaining to participation rates in cancer screening by age, gender, and ethnicity from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and National Health Interview Survey.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathologic and clinical findings to predict tumor extent of nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostate cancer
TL;DR: Serum PSA level, PSA density, and needle biopsy pathologic findings are accurate predictors of tumor extent and it may be reasonable to follow up some patients whose tumors are most likely insignificant with serial PSA measurements and repeated biopsies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Serum Marker for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
TL;DR: PSA is more sensitive than PAP in the detection of prostatic cancer and will probably be more useful in monitoring responses and recurrence after therapy, however, since both PSA and PAP may be elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia, neither marker is specific.
Journal ArticleDOI
Random systematic versus directed ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the prostate
TL;DR: Ultrasound guided random systematic biopsy provides a highly accurate means to diagnose prostate cancer, minimizing observer and sampling errors and providing valuable additional information on cancer volume, Gleason grade and the potential location of surgically positive margins, all without compromising the operation or the chance for a surgical cure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urological practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen
William H. Cooner,B.R. Mosley,Charles L. Rutherford,Jeff H. Beard,Harry S. Pond,William J. Terry,Todd C. Igel,Donald D. Kidd +7 more
TL;DR: The prostate cancer detection rate from screening by digital rectal examination and tactilely guided prostate biopsy is approximately 1.7%, and the possible benefit to be derived from an improved detection rate is undetermined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prostate Specific Antigen in the Staging of Localized Prostate Cancer: Influence of Tumor Differentiation, Tumor Volume and Benign Hyperplasia
Alan W. Partin,H. Ballentine Carter,Daniel W. Chan,Jonathan I. Epstein,Joseph E. Oesterling,Robert C. Rock,Jed P. Weber,Patrick C. Walsh +7 more
TL;DR: Serum prostate specific antigen levels do not reflect tumor burden and pathological stage accurately in individual patients for 2 reasons: 1) the unpredictable contribution from the benign prostatic hyperplasia component of the gland and 2) the decreasing production of prostatespecific antigen by higher grade lesions as tumor volume increases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prostate Specific Antigen in the Preoperative and Postoperative Evaluation of Localized Prostatic Cancer Treated with Radical Prostatectomy
Joseph E. Oesterling,Daniel W. Chan,Jonathan I. Epstein,Allyn W. Kimball,Debra J. Bruzek,Robert C. Rock,Charles B. Brendler,Patrick C. Walsh +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that preoperative levels of prostate specific antigen are not sufficiently reliable to predict final pathological stage on an individual basis in patients with early prostatic cancer, and that the antigen is a sensitive tumor marker for the detection of residual disease after radical prostatectomy and subsequent recurrence of tumor on long-term followup.