Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolism in the toxicokinetics and fate of brominated flame retardants—a review
Heldur Hakk,Robert J. Letcher +1 more
TLDR
Substantially more research is necessary to fully assess BFR fate, uptake and elimination kinetics, metabolic pathways, inter-species differences, the influence of congener structure, and the potential health risks to exposed organisms.About:
This article is published in Environment International.The article was published on 2003-09-01. It has received 420 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers & Polybrominated Biphenyls.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and Mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
Martin van den Berg,Linda S. Birnbaum,Michael S. Denison,Mike De Vito,William H. Farland,Mark Feeley,Heidelore Fiedler,Helen Håkansson,Annika Hanberg,Laurie C. Haws,Martin Rose,Stephen Safe,Dieter Schrenk,Chiharu Tohyama,Angelika Tritscher,Jouko Tuomisto,Mats Tysklind,Nigel J. Walker,Richard E. Peterson +18 more
TL;DR: Concern was expressed about direct application of the TEF/total toxic equivalency (TEQ) approach to abiotic matrices, such as soil, sediment, etc., for direct application in human risk assessment as the present TEF scheme and TEQ methodology are primarily intended for estimating exposure and risks via oral ingestion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brominated flame retardants: cause for concern?
TL;DR: Scientific issues associated with the use of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclodododecane, and three commercial mixtures of polybrominated diphenyl ethers are reviewed and data gaps are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish.
Robert J. Letcher,Jan Ove Bustnes,Rune Dietz,Bjørn Munro Jenssen,Even H. Jørgensen,Even H. Jørgensen,Christian Sonne,Jonathan Verreault,Mathilakath M. Vijayan,Geir Wing Gabrielsen +9 more
TL;DR: This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds and Arctic charr.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brominated flame retardants in the Arctic environment--trends and new candidates.
TL;DR: Findings of BTBPE, HxBBz, PBEB, PBT and TBECH in seabirds and/or marine mammals indicate that these compounds reach the Arctic, most probably by long range atmospheric transport and accumulate in higher trophic level organisms and that increasing use as PBDE replacements will lead to increasing concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants
Lucio G. Costa,Gennaro Giordano +1 more
TL;DR: Levels of PBDEs causing developmental neurotoxicity in animals are not much dissimilar from levels found in highly exposed infants and toddlers, and these levels have been increasing in the past 30 years.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
P450 superfamily: Update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature
David R. Nelson,Luc Koymans,Tetsuya Kamataki,John J. Stegeman,Ren Feyereisen,David J. Waxman,Michael R. Waterman,Osamu Gotoh,Minor J. Coon,Ron W. Estabrook,Irwin C. Gunsalus,Daniel W. Nebert +11 more
TL;DR: This revision supersedes the four previous updates in which a nomenclature system, based on divergent evolution of the P450 superfamily has been described and is similar to that proposed in the previous updates.
Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the current state of knowledge is reviewed and areas for further research recommended to improve future monitoring and risk assessment efforts, and the authors suggest that the occurrence of high concentrations of certain PBDE isomers may be sufficient to elicit adverse effects in some wildlife.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicology.
TL;DR: Based on the scientific knowledge of today and based on Nordic intake data, the possible consumer health risk from PBDEs appears limited, as a factor of over 10 separates the estimated present mean dietary intake from the suggested LOAEL value.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potent Competitive Interactions of Some Brominated Flame Retardants and Related Compounds with Human Transthyretin in Vitro
Ilonka A. T. M. Meerts,J.J. van Zanden,E. Luijks,I. van Leeuwen-Bol,Göran Marsh,Eva Jakobsson,Åke Bergman,A. Brouwer +7 more
TL;DR: Brominated flame retardants, especially the brominated phenols and tetrabromobisphenol A, are very potent competitors for T(4) binding to human transthyretin in vitro and may have effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis in vivo comparable to the thyroid-disrupting effects of PCBs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Certain organochlorine and organobromine contaminants in Swedish human milk in perspective of past 20–30 years
Koidu Norén,Daiva Meironyte +1 more
TL;DR: The accumulation and ongoing increase in the levels of PBDEs calls for immediate measures to stop the environmental pollution and human exposure toPBDEs.