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Metabolomics Approaches for the Comprehensive Evaluation of Fermented Foods: A Review

TLDR
A review of the application of metabolomics technologies in food, with a primary focus on the different analytical approaches suitable for food metabolomics and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
Fermentation is an important process that can provide new flavors and nutritional and functional foods, to deal with changing consumer preferences. Fermented foods have complex chemical components that can modulate unique qualitative properties. Consequently, monitoring the small molecular metabolites in fermented food is critical to clarify its qualitative properties and help deliver personalized nutrition. In recent years, the application of metabolomics to nutrition research of fermented foods has expanded. In this review, we examine the application of metabolomics technologies in food, with a primary focus on the different analytical approaches suitable for food metabolomics and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. In addition, we summarize emerging studies applying metabolomics in the comprehensive analysis of the flavor, nutrition, function, and safety of fermented foods, as well as emphasize the applicability of metabolomics in characterizing the qualitative properties of fermented foods.

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A novel approach to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: From probiotic properties to the omics insights.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide an overview of the probiotic properties of L. plantarum, including the specific interactions between microbiota and host, and omics insights of lactobacillus plantsarum.
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Demystification of fermented foods by omics technologies

TL;DR: The authors summarized the application of different types of omics techniques in fermented-food research based on the recent representative studies and predicted that microbiomics and foodomics would be the two main trends in the research of fermented foods.
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Integrated volatolomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the characteristic flavor formation in Chouguiyu, a traditional fermented mandarin fish of China.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explore the generation mechanism of the characteristic flavor of mandarin fish during fermentation and reveal that umami-tasting amino acids, succinic acid, and peptides increased, while taste-presenting nucleotides decreased after fermentation.
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Fermented Minor Grain Foods: Classification, Functional Components, and Probiotic Potential

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors introduce the latest progress in research related to the fermentation products of minor grain (MG) foods and their nutritional and health implications, including studies of microbial diversity, functional components, and probiotic potential, and how mixed fermentation of grain mixtures is a better method for developing new functional foods to increase the nutritional value of meals based on cereals and legumes in terms of dietary protein and micronutrients.
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Bioactive Properties, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Profile of Sauerkraut Are Dependent on Cultivar Choice and Storage Conditions

TL;DR: In this paper , the properties of sauerkrauts from traditional cabbage cultivars (Brgujski and Minjski) compared to commercial samples, and the effects of ambient (18 °C) and cold storage (4 °C), were investigated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A novel integrated method for large-scale detection, identification, and quantification of widely targeted metabolites: application in the study of rice metabolomics.

TL;DR: Evaluation of the dehydration responses and natural variations of these metabolites in rice leaf not only suggested the coordinated regulation of abscisic acid with metabolites such as serotonin derivative(s), polyamine conjugates under drought stress, but also revealed some C-glycosylated flavones as the potential markers for the discrimination of indica and japonica rice subspecies.
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Microbiological characterizations by FT-IR spectroscopy

TL;DR: The simplicity and versatility of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy makes it a versatile technique for rapid differentiation, classification, identification and large-scale screening at the subspecies level.
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Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota and beyond

TL;DR: There is evidence that these foods provide health benefits well-beyond the starting food materials, and increasingly understood that fermented foods can also have enhanced nutritional and functional properties due to transformation of substrates and formation of bioactive or bioavailable end-products.
Journal ArticleDOI

A tutorial review: Metabolomics and partial least squares-discriminant analysis--a marriage of convenience or a shotgun wedding.

TL;DR: This tutorial review aims to provide an introductory overview to several straightforward statistical methods such as principal component-discriminant function analysis (PC-DFA), support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF), which could very easily be used either to augment PLS or as alternative supervised learning methods to PLS-DA.
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