Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial degradation of tannins--a current perspective.
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TLDR
There is a need for increased understanding of the biodegradation of condensed tannins, particularly in ruminants, because tannase, a key enzyme in the degradation of hydrolysable tannine, is present in a diverse group of microorganisms, including rumen bacteria.Abstract:
Tannins are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds having wide prevalence in plants. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins are the two major classes of tannins. These compounds have a range of effects on various organisms--from toxic effects on animals to growth inhibition of microorganisms. Some microbes are, however, resistant to tannins, and have developed various mechanisms and pathways for tannin degradation in their natural milieu. The microbial degradation of condensed tannins is, however, less than hydrolysable tannins in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. A number of microbes have also been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals, which have the ability to break tannin-protein complexes and degrade tannins, especially hydrolysable tannins. Tannase, a key enzyme in the degradation of hydrolysable tannins, is present in a diverse group of microorganisms, including rumen bacteria. This enzyme is being increasingly used in a number of processes. Presently, there is a need for increased understanding of the biodegradation of condensed tannins, particularly in ruminants.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The gut bacteria of insects: Nonpathogenic interactions
Rod J. Dillon,Viv M. Dillon +1 more
TL;DR: The intestinal bacteria is discussed in the context of developing understanding of symbiotic relationships, of multitrophic interactions between insects and plant or animal host, and in developing new strategies for controlling insect pests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of the genomes of two Xanthomonas pathogens with differing host specificities
A.C.R. da Silva,Jesus Aparecido Ferro,Fernando C. Reinach,Chuck S. Farah,Luiz Roberto Furlan,Ronaldo Bento Quaggio,Claudia Barros Monteiro-Vitorello,M. A. Van Sluys,Nalvo F. Almeida,Lucia Maria Carareto Alves,A. M. do Amaral,Maria Célia Bertolini,Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo,Giovana Camarotte,Fabiana de Souza Cannavan,Cardozo Jc,Felipe S. Chambergo,L. P. Ciapina,Regina Maria Barretto Cicarelli,Luiz Lehmann Coutinho,Jeny R. Cursino-Santos,Hamza El-Dorry,J. B. Faria,Ari J. S. Ferreira,Rita de Cássia Café Ferreira,Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro,Eduardo Fernandes Formighieri,Marília Caixeta Franco,Christian C. Greggio,Arthur Gruber,Angela M. Katsuyama,Luciano Takeshi Kishi,Rui P. Leite,Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos,Manoel Victor Franco Lemos,E. C. Locali,Marcos Antonio Machado,Alda Maria Backx Noronha Madeira,Nilce Maria Martinez-Rossi,E. C. Martins,João Meidanis,Carlos Frederico Martins Menck,Cristina Yumi Miyaki,D. H. Moon,Leandro Marcio Moreira,M. T. M. Novo,Vagner K. Okura,Mariana Cabral de Oliveira,V. R. Oliveira,H. A. Pereira,Antonio Rossi,Janete Apparecida Desidério Sena,Cícero Lopes da Silva,R. F. B. de Souza,L. A. F. Spinola,Marco Aurélio Takita,Rodrigo Esaki Tamura,E. C. Teixeira,R. I. D. Tezza,M. Trindade dos Santos,Daniela Truffi,Siu Mui Tsai,Frank F. White,Frank F. White,João C. Setubal,João Paulo Kitajima +65 more
TL;DR: The genus Xanthomonas is a diverse and economically important group of bacterial phytopathogens, belonging to the γ-subdivision of the Proteobacteria, and several groups of strain-specific genes are identified and proposed mechanisms that may explain the differing host specificities and pathogenic processes are proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tannins in nutrient dynamics of forest ecosystems- a review
TL;DR: Nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems in relation to tannins is reviewed to help clarify the role of tannin effects on forest ecosystem processes and nutrient cycling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tannins: current knowledge of food sources, intake, bioavailability and biological effects.
José C. E. Serrano,Riitta Puupponen-Pimiä,Andreas Dauer,Anna-Marja Aura,Fulgencio Saura-Calixto +4 more
TL;DR: A new approach to analysis of extractable and non-extractable tannins, major food sources, and effects of storage and processing on tannin content and bioavailability is summarised.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequence of the plant pathogen and biotechnology agent Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58
Brad Goodner,Brad Goodner,Gregory Hinkle,Stacie Gattung,Nancy M. Miller,Mary Blanchard,Barbara A. Qurollo,Barry S. Goldman,Yongwei Cao,Manor Askenazi,Conrad Halling,Lori Mullin,Kathryn L. Houmiel,Jeffrey M. Gordon,Mark Vaudin,Oleg Iartchouk,Andrew Epp,Fang Liu,Clifford Wollam,Mike Allinger,Dahlia Doughty,Charlaine Scott,Courtney M. Lappas,Brian P. Markelz,Casey M Flanagan,Chris B. Crowell,Jordan Gurson,Caroline Lomo,Carolyn Sear,Graham Strub,Chris Cielo,Steven C. Slater +31 more
TL;DR: The genome of A. tumefaciens strain C58 is described, which has an unusual structure consisting of one circular and one linear chromosome and additional genes potentially involved in virulence and metabolic parasitism of host plants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial properties of tannins
TL;DR: Tannin toxicity for fungi, bacteria and yeasts is reviewed and compared to toxicity of related lower molecular weight phenols and the dependence of toxicity on tannin structure is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry.
TL;DR: In addition to the normal complement of plant cell enzymes, tea leaf contains an active polyphenol oxidase which catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of the catechins when the leaf cell structure is disrupted during black tea manufacture as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes
TL;DR: Research on manipulating the content and type of PA in forage legumes is justified because they are associated with non-bloating legumes, lower soluble non-protein nitrogen in silage, and improved efficiency of protein utilization.
Book
Plant Polyphenols: Vegetable Tannins Revisited
TL;DR: Polyphenols - vegetable tannins proanthocyanidins condensed polyphenols gallic acid metabolism polyphenol complexation astringency as mentioned in this paper, polyphenolic acid metabolism
Journal ArticleDOI
Tannins: their adverse role in ruminant nutrition
Ravindra Kumar,Manohar Singh +1 more