Journal ArticleDOI
Microsatellite markers identify three lineages of Phytophthora ramorum in US nurseries, yet single lineages in US forest and European nursery populations
Kelly Ivors,Kelly Ivors,Matteo Garbelotto,I. D. E. Vries,C. Ruyter-Spira,B. Te. Hekkert,N. Rosenzweig,Peter J. M. Bonants +7 more
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TLDR
The combined microsatellite, sequencing and morphological analyses suggest the three clades identified in the genome sequence of Phytophthora ramorum represent distinct evolutionary lineages, emphasizing the role of commercial plant trade in the movement of this pathogen.Abstract:
Analysis of 12 polymorphic simple sequence repeats identified in the genome sequence of Phytophthora ramorum , causal agent of ‘sudden oak death’, revealed genotypic diversity to be significantly higher in nurseries (91% of total) than in forests (18% of total). Our analysis identified only two closely related genotypes in US forests, while the genetic structure of populations from European nurseries was of intermediate complexity, including multiple, closely related genotypes. Multilocus analysis determined populations in US forests reproduce clonally and are likely descendants of a single introduced individual. The 151 isolates analysed clustered in three clades. US forest and European nursery isolates clustered into two distinct clades, while one isolate from a US nursery belonged to a third novel clade. The combined microsatellite, sequencing and morphological analyses suggest the three clades represent distinct evolutionary lineages. All three clades were identified in some US nurseries, emphasizing the role of commercial plant trade in the movement of this pathogen.read more
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The biosecurity threat to the UK and global environment from international trade in plants
TL;DR: In this Letter I outline the problems and discuss some possible approaches to reducing the threats to native plant communities, woodlands and landscapes in the UK and across the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US
Andrew M. Liebhold,Eckehard G. Brockerhoff,Lynn J. Garrett,Jennifer L. Parke,Kerry O. Britton +4 more
TL;DR: Two data sources were used to estimate the infestation rate of regulated pests in live plant shipments entering the US, thus allowing evaluation of the efficacy of the current port inspection process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk assessment for invasive species produces net bioeconomic benefits.
TL;DR: A simple cost:benefit bioeconomic framework is developed to quantify the net benefits from applying species prescreening and it is shown that this RA program produces positive net economic benefits over the range of reasonable assumptions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Widespread Phytophthora infestations in European nurseries put forest, semi-natural and horticultural ecosystems at high risk of Phytophthora diseases
Thomas Jung,Leszek B. Orlikowski,B. Henricot,Paloma Abad-Campos,A. G. Aday,O. Aguín Casal,J. Bakonyi,Santa Olga Cacciola,T. Cech,D. Chavarriaga,Tamara Corcobado,Alfredo Cravador,T. Decourcelle,G. Denton,S. Diamandis,H. T. Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi,Antonio Franceschini,Beatrice Ginetti,Sarah Green,Milka Glavendekić,Jarkko Hantula,G. Hartmann,M. L. Herrero,D. Ivic,M. Horta Jung,Arja Lilja,Nenad Keča,Volodymyr Kramarets,A. Lyubenova,Hélio Rubens Machado,G. Magnano di San Lio,P. J. Mansilla Vázquez,Benoit Marçais,Iryna Matsiakh,Ivan Milenković,Salvatore Moricca,Z. Á. Nagy,Jan Nechwatal,C. Olsson,Tomasz Oszako,Antonella Pane,Epaminondas J. Paplomatas,C. Pintos Varela,Simone Prospero,C. Rial Martínez,Daniel Rigling,Cécile Robin,Anna Rytkönen,María Esperanza Sánchez,A. V. Sanz Ros,Bruno Scanu,A. Schlenzig,J. Schumacher,Slavtcho Slavov,Alejandro Solla,Edmundo Sousa,Jan Stenlid,Venche Talgø,Z. Tomic,Panaghiotis Tsopelas,Andrea Vannini,Anna Maria Vettraino,M. Wenneker,Stephen Woodward,Ana Pérez-Sierra +64 more
TL;DR: At least 47 of the 68 Phytophthora species/taxa detected in nurseries and plantings were exotic species several of which are considered well established in both nurseries or plantings in Europe.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emergence of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum
TL;DR: The recently emerged plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum is responsible for causing the sudden oak death epidemic and this review documents the emergence based on evolutionary and population genetic analyses and provides crucial insights into migration pathways.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Indices of multilocus linkage disequilibrium
Paul-Michael Agapow,Austin Burt +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a modification of IA that removes this dependency on sample size and has been implemented in a software package.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytophthora ramorum as the Cause of Extensive Mortality of Quercus spp. and Lithocarpus densiflorus in California.
TL;DR: A new canker disease, commonly known as sudden oak death, of Lithocarpus densiflorus, Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii, and Q. shrevei in California is shown to be caused by Phytophthora ramorum, a recently described species that was known only from Germany and the Netherlands on Rhododendron spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytophthora ramorum: integrative research and management of an emerging pathogen in California and Oregon forests.
TL;DR: The biology and ecology of P. ramorum in California and Oregon forests are examined as well as discussing research on the pathogen in a broader management context.