Molecular and Pathophysiological Features of Angiotensinogen: A Mini Review
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TLDR
This short review provides contemporary insights into the molecular characteristics of angiotensinogen and its pathophysiological features and emphasizes some newly recognized functional features of angiotsinogen other than its regulation on blood pressure.Abstract:
The renin-angiotensin system is an essential regulatory system for blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensinogen is the only known precursor of all the peptides generated in this system. While many of the basic understandings of angiotensinogen have come from research efforts to define its role in blood pressure regulation, novel pathophysiological functions of angiotensinogen have been discovered in the last two decades including kidney developmental abnormalities, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Despite the impressive advance in the understanding of angiotensinogen gene structure and protein functions, some fundamental questions remain unanswered. In this short review, we provide contemporary insights into the molecular characteristics of angiotensinogen and its pathophysiological features. In light of the recent progress, we emphasize some newly recognized functional features of angiotensinogen other than its regulation on blood pressure.read more
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Classical Renin‐Angiotensin System in Kidney Physiology
Matthew A. Sparks,Steven D. Crowley,Steven D. Crowley,Susan B. Gurley,Susan B. Gurley,Maria Mirotsou,Thomas M. Coffman,Thomas M. Coffman,Thomas M. Coffman +8 more
TL;DR: The physiological role of components of the "classical" renin-angiotensin system is reviewed, with an emphasis on new developments and modern concepts.
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An Update on the Tissue Renin Angiotensin System and Its Role in Physiology and Pathology
TL;DR: This chapter describes the new components of RAS, their tissue-specific expression, and their alterations under pathological conditions, which will help achieve more tissue- and condition-specific treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure and functions of angiotensinogen
TL;DR: The combination of structural and functional studies is highlighted to focus on the increasing recognition that AGT exerts effects beyond being a sole provider of angiotensin peptides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Functions
TL;DR: This review highlights some recent publications in ATVB that have provided insights into understanding the classic components of the renin-angiotensin system and its alternative components contributing to cardiovascular functions.
References
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Molecular basis of human hypertension: Role of angiotensinogen
Xavier Jeunemaitre,Florent Soubrier,Yuri Kotelevtsev,Richard P. Lifton,Richard P. Lifton,Christopher S. Williams,Anne Charru,Steven C. Hunt,Paul N. Hopkins,Roger R. Williams,Jean Marc Lalouel,Pierre Corvol +11 more
TL;DR: Evidence of genetic linkage between the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) and hypertension is obtained, association of AGT molecular variants with the disease is demonstrated, and significant differences in plasma concentrations of angiotENSinogen among hypertensive subjects with different AGT genotypes are found.
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Angiotensin II promotes atherosclerotic lesions and aneurysms in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that increased plasma concentrations of Ang II have profound and rapid effects on vascular pathology when combined with hyperlipidemia, in the absence of hemodynamic influences.
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Male–female differences in fertility and blood pressure in ACE-deficient mice
John H. Krege,Simon W. M. John,L. L. Langenbach,Jeffrey B. Hodgin,John R. Hagaman,Eric S. Bachman,John Charles Jennette,Deborah A. O'Brien,Oliver Smithies +8 more
TL;DR: The role of the Ace gene is investigated using mice generated to carry an insertional mutation that is designed to inactivate both forms of ACE and the fertility of homozygous male mutants was greatly reduced.
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Hyung Suk Kim,John H. Krege,Kimberly D. Kluckman,John R. Hagaman,Jeffrey B. Hodgin,Christopher F. Best,John Charles Jennette,Thomas M. Coffman,Nobuyo Maeda,Oliver Smithies +9 more
TL;DR: A direct causal relationship between Agt genotypes and blood pressures is established and significant and almost linear increases of approximately 8 mmHg per gene copy are established despite their normal compensatory mechanisms being intact.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this review, a coherent model of the interaction between the circulating and tissue angiotensin systems is synthesized, which might assist in the interpretation of new developments in this area.