Journal ArticleDOI
Muscle Fatigue During High-Intensity Exercise in Children
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reported that children are able to resist fatigue better than adults during one or several repeated high-intensity exercise bouts and that muscle fatigue profiles are different between healthy children and children with muscle and metabolic diseases.Abstract:
Children are able to resist fatigue better than adults during one or several repeated high-intensity exercise bouts. This finding has been reported by measuring mechanical force or power output profiles during sustained isometric maximal contractions or repeated bouts of high-intensity dynamic exercises. The ability of children to better maintain performance during repeated high-intensity exercise bouts could be related to their lower level of fatigue during exercise and/or faster recovery following exercise. This may be explained by muscle characteristics of children, which are quantitatively and qualitatively different to those of adults. Children have less muscle mass than adults and hence, generate lower absolute power during high-intensity exercise. Some researchers also showed that children were equipped better for oxidative than glycolytic pathways during exercise, which would lead to a lower accumulation of muscle by-products. Furthermore, some reports indicated that the lower ability of children to activate their type II muscle fibres would also explain their greater resistance to fatigue during sustained maximal contractions. The lower accumulation of muscle by-products observed in children may be suggestive of a reduced metabolic signal, which induces lower ratings of perceived exertion. Factors such as faster phosphocreatine resynthesis, greater oxidative capacity, better acid-base regulation, faster readjustment of initial cardiorespiratory parameters and higher removal of metabolic by-products in children could also explain their faster recovery following high-intensity exercise. From a clinical point of view, muscle fatigue profiles are different between healthy children and children with muscle and metabolic diseases. Studies of dystrophic muscles in children indicated contradictory findings of changes in contractile properties and the muscle fatigability. Some have found that the muscle of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) fatigued less than that of healthy boys, but others have reported that the fatigue in DMD and in normal muscle was the same. Children with glycogenosis type V and VII and dermatomyositis, and obese children tolerate exercise weakly and show an early fatigue. Studies that have investigated the fatigability in children with cerebral palsy have indicated that the femoris quadriceps was less fatigable than that of a control group but the fatigability of the triceps surae was the same between the two groups. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms explaining the origins of muscle fatigue in healthy and diseased children. The use of non-invasive measurement tools such as magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in paediatric exercise science will give researchers more insight in the future.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development
Michael F. Bergeron,Margo Mountjoy,Neil Armstrong,Michael Chia,Jean Côté,Carolyn A. Emery,Avery D. Faigenbaum,Gary Hall,Susi Kriemler,Michel Leglise,Robert M. Malina,Anne Marte Pensgaard,Alex Sanchez,Torbjørn Soligard,Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen,Willem van Mechelen,Juanita R. Weissensteiner,Lars Engebretsen +17 more
TL;DR: The IOC critically evaluated the current state of science and practice of youth athlete development and presented recommendations for developing healthy, resilient and capable youth athletes, while providing opportunities for all levels of sport participation and success.
Journal ArticleDOI
Match running performance and fitness in youth soccer.
TL;DR: In highly trained young soccer players, the importance of fitness level as a determinant of match running performance should be regarded as a function of playing position.
Journal ArticleDOI
National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development.
Rhodri S. Lloyd,John B. Cronin,Avery D. Faigenbaum,G. Gregory Haff,Rick Howard,William J. Kraemer,Lyle J. Micheli,Gregory D. Myer,Jon L. Oliver +8 more
TL;DR: A list of 10 pillars of successful long-term athletic development are presented, which summarize the key recommendations detailed within the NSCA position statement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Repeated-sprint sequences during youth soccer matches.
TL;DR: Both the occurrence and the nature of RSS are affected by age, position and playing time, and present results question the importance of repeated-sprint ability as a crucial physical component of soccer performance in developing players.
Journal ArticleDOI
Age-related differences in acceleration, maximum running speed, and repeated-sprint performance in young soccer players
Alberto Mendez-Villanueva,Martin Buchheit,Sami Kuitunen,Andrew Douglas,Esa Peltola,Pitre C. Bourdon +5 more
TL;DR: The large correlations among acceleration, maximum running speed, and repeated-sprint performance in all age groups, as well as the disappearance of between-group differences when adjusted for estimated biological maturity, suggest that these physical qualities in young highly trained soccer players might be considered as a general quality, which is likely to be related to qualitative adaptations that accompany maturation.
References
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