Journal ArticleDOI
Mutualistic relation of termites with associated microbes for their harmonious survival
Sourajit Bayen,Somnath Roy,Dipankar Chakraborti,Ananda Mukhopadhyay,Lakshmi Kanta Hazarika,Prabhat Pramanik,Sangeeta Borchetia,Sudipta Mukherjee +7 more
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The symbiotic role of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and protozoans) associated with xylophagous termites and the function, significance and management of these diverse microbial symbionts associated with pestiferous higher termites may help in developing their effective bio-control.Abstract:
This article explores the symbiotic role of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and protozoans) associated with xylophagous termites. Members of the subfamily Macrotermitinae belonging to the family Termitidae have evolved symbiosis with fungi, which belong to the genus Termitomyces. The function of Termitomyces varies for different termite groups depending on their feeding behaviour. In some termites, the primary function of Termitomyces fungi is the degradation of lignin to its simpler form and to make cellulose available to termites; however, these fungi also serve as nutrient rich food sources to other groups of termites. The subsequent breakdown of ingested cellulose in termite gut is further facilitated and controlled by the action of various groups of enzymes secreted by gut-borne microflora and micro-fauna. Understanding the function, significance and management of these diverse microbial symbionts associated with pestiferous higher termites may help in developing their effective bio-control.read more
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Metagenomic and functional analysis of hindgut microbiota of a wood-feeding higher termite
TL;DR: A metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community resident in the hindgut paunch of a wood-feeding ‘higher’ Nasutitermes species shows the presence of a large, diverse set of bacterial genes for cellulose and xylan hydrolysis, the first system-wide gene analysis of a microbial community specialized towards plant lignocellulose degradation.
The inculation of the fungus comb in newly founded colonies of some species of the Macrotermitinae (Isoptera) from Nigeria
TL;DR: The critical factor in the survival of newly-founded colonies of the fungus-growing termites (Macrotermitinae) is the successful inoculation of the new comb with the fungus Termitomyces, which appears to be mutually exclusive.
Journal ArticleDOI
An optimized protocol for estimating cellulase activity in biological samples.
Zainab Abbas Al Talebi,Hawraa Saad Al-Kawaz,R. Mahdi,Alaa Tariq Al-Hassnawi,Abdulsamie Hassan Alta'ee,Asad M. Hadwan,D. A. Khudhair,Mahmoud Hussein Hadwan +7 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors developed a novel method to quantify cellulase activity using picric acid (PCA), which reacts with generated glucose molecules to produce mahogany red picramic acid.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Metagenomic and functional analysis of hindgut microbiota of a wood-feeding higher termite.
Falk Warnecke,Peter Luginbuhl,Natalia Ivanova,Majid Ghassemian,Toby Richardson,Toby Richardson,Justin T. Stege,Michelle H. Cayouette,Alice C. McHardy,Gordana Djordjevic,Nahla Aboushadi,Rotem Sorek,Susannah G. Tringe,Mircea Podar,Hector Garcia Martin,Victor Kunin,Daniel Dalevi,Julita Madejska,Edward Kirton,Darren Platt,Ernest Szeto,Asaf Salamov,Kerrie Barry,Natalia Mikhailova,Nikos C. Kyrpides,Eric G. Matson,Elizabeth A. Ottesen,Xinning Zhang,Myriam Hernandez,Catalina Patricia Morales Murillo,Luis G. Acosta,Isidore Rigoutsos,Giselle Tamayo,Brian D. Green,Cathy Chang,Edward M. Rubin,Eric J. Mathur,Eric J. Mathur,Dan E. Robertson,Philip Hugenholtz,Jared R. Leadbetter +40 more
TL;DR: In this article, a metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community resident in the hindgut paunch of a wood-feeding Nasutitermes species (which do not contain cellulose-fermenting protozoa) was performed to show the presence of a large, diverse set of bacterial genes for cellulose and xylan hydrolysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathways for degradation of lignin in bacteria and fungi
TL;DR: The review will discuss the enzymes for lignin breakdown in fungi and bacteria, and the catabolic pathways for breakdown of the β-aryl ether, biphenyl and other components of lign in bacteria and fungi, and includes a bioinformatic analysis of the occurrence of known lignIn-degradation pathways in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
The emerging role for bacteria in lignin degradation and bio-product formation
TL;DR: If biocatalytic routes for lignin breakdown could be developed, then lign in represents a potentially rich source of renewable aromatic chemicals.