Mycorrhizal fungal establishment in agricultural soils: factors determining inoculation success.
Erik Verbruggen,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,Matthias C. Rillig,E. Toby Kiers,E. Toby Kiers +5 more
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TLDR
The factors responsible for establishment of the beneficial soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which can enhance the yield of a wide range of agricultural crops are explored.Abstract:
Soil biota provide a number of key ecological services to natural and agricultural ecosystems. Increasingly, inoculation of soils with beneficial soil biota is being considered as a tool to enhance plant productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. However, one important bottleneck is the establishment of viable microbial populations that can persist over multiple seasons. Here, we explore the factors responsible for establishment of the beneficial soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which can enhance the yield of a wide range of agricultural crops. We evaluate field application potential and discuss ecological and evolutionary factors responsible for application success. We identify three factors that determine inoculation success and AM fungal persistence in soils: species compatibility (can the introduced species thrive under the imposed circumstances?); field carrying capacity (the habitat niche available to AMF); and priority effects (the influence of timing and competition on the establishment of alternative stable communities). We explore how these factors can be employed for establishment and persistence of AMF. We address the importance of inoculum choice, plant choice, management practices and timing of inoculation for the successful manipulation of the resulting AMF community.read more
Citations
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Historical Contingency in Community Assembly: Integrating Niches, Species Pools, and Priority Effects
TL;DR: The order and timing of species immigration during community assembly can affect species abundances at multiple spatial scales, and two requirements must be satisfied for historical contingency to occur: the regional pool contains species that can together cause priority effects, and local dynamics are rapid enough for early-arrived species to preempt or modify niches before other species arrive.
Journal ArticleDOI
Agroecological practices for sustainable agriculture. A review
Alexander Wezel,Marion Casagrande,Florian Celette,Jean-François Vian,Aurélie Ferrer,Joséphine Peigné +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classified 15 agroecological cropping practices in temperate areas according to efficiency, substitution, and redesign, and evaluated the potential use of the practices for future agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Natural Biofertilizers: Let's Benefit from Past Successes
TL;DR: A review of biofertilization experiments, based on the use of AMF, has here been proposed, focusing on a few important factors that could increase the odds or jeopardize the success of the inoculation process.
Dissertation
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
TL;DR: AM fungi suppress the development of B. sorokiniana in barley and should be considered for biocontrol of the disease causing organism, according to the data.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The promise and the potential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum.
Mark W. Schwartz,Jason D. Hoeksema,Catherine A. Gehring,Nancy Collins Johnson,John N. Klironomos,Lynette Abbott,Anne Pringle +6 more
TL;DR: The degree to which introductions of mycorrhizal fungi may lead to unintended negative, and potentially costly, consequences is assessed and appropriate management guidelines are made and top priority research needs are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Positive effects of organic farming on below-ground mutualists: large-scale comparison of mycorrhizal fungal communities in agricultural soils
Erik Verbruggen,Wilfred F. M. Röling,Hannes A. Gamper,George A. Kowalchuk,Herman A. Verhoef,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that organic management in agro-ecosystems contributes to the restoration and maintenance of these important below-ground mutualists, as expressed by higher beta-diversity (between-site diversity).
Journal ArticleDOI
Belowground biodiversity effects of plant symbionts support aboveground productivity
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the diversity of belowground plant-associated soil fungi promotes plant productivity and plant coexistence using additive partitioning of biodiversity effects developed in plant biodiversity studies, and that belowground diversity may act as insurance for maintaining plant productivity under differing environmental conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Communities, populations and individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
TL;DR: This review critically examines the concepts of species, communities, populations and individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community assembly, species richness and nestedness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils
Erik Verbruggen,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,James T. Weedon,George A. Kowalchuk,Wilfred F. M. Röling +5 more
TL;DR: A molecular profiling technique is used to test which factors determine AM fungal community composition in 40 agricultural soils in the Netherlands and discusses the potential contribution of a ‘bottleneck effect’ on AMF communities through increased stochastic effects under environmental stress.
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