Journal ArticleDOI
Naturally Arising CD4+ Regulatory T Cells for Immunologic Self-Tolerance and Negative Control of Immune Responses
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TLDR
How naturally arising CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells contribute to the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of various immune responses, and how they can be exploited to prevent and treat autoimmune disease, allergy, cancer, and chronic infection, or establish donor-specific transplantation tolerance are discussed.Abstract:
▪ Abstract Naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T cells, the majority of which express CD25, are engaged in dominant control of self-reactive T cells, contributing to the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance. Their depletion or functional alteration leads to the development of autoimmune disease in otherwise normal animals. The majority, if not all, of such CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells are produced by the normal thymus as a functionally distinct and mature subpopulation of T cells. Their repertoire of antigen specificities is as broad as that of naive T cells, and they are capable of recognizing both self and nonself antigens, thus enabling them to control various immune responses. In addition to antigen recognition, signals through various accessory molecules and via cytokines control their activation, expansion, and survival, and tune their suppressive activity. Furthermore, the generation of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in the immune system is at least in part developmentally and genetically contro...read more
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Endogenous IRBP can be dispensable for generation of natural CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells that protect from IRBP-induced retinal autoimmunity
Rafael S. Grajewski,Phyllis B. Silver,Rajeev K. Agarwal,Shao Bo Su,Chi-Chao Chan,Gregory I. Liou,Rachel R. Caspi +6 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that mycobacterial components in CFA activate T reg cells of other specificities to inhibit generation of IRBP-specific effector T cells in a bystander fashion, indicating that effective T reg Cells can be antigen nonspecific.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional complexes formed by NFAT dimers regulate the induction of T cell tolerance.
Noemi Soto-Nieves,Irene Puga,Brian T. Abe,Sanmay Bandyopadhyay,Ian Baine,Anjana Rao,Fernando Macian +6 more
TL;DR: This work shows that transcriptional complexes formed by NFAT homodimers are directly responsible for the activation of at least two anergy-inducing genes, Grail and Caspase3, and identifies a new biological function for NFAT dimers.
Journal ArticleDOI
IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Negatively Regulates CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Differentiation by Repressing Foxp3 Expression
Alessandra Fragale,Lucia Gabriele,Emilia Stellacci,Paola Borghi,Edvige Perrotti,Ramona Ilari,Angela Lanciotti,Anna Lisa Remoli,Massimo Venditti,Filippo Belardelli,Angela Battistini +10 more
TL;DR: It is reported that IRF-1 negatively regulates CD4+CD25+ Treg cell development and function by specifically repressing Foxp3 expression, and is a key negative regulator of CD4-CD25- Treg cells through direct repression of Foxp 3 expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploiting tolerance processes in transplantation.
TL;DR: The full potential of organ transplantation has not yet been realized because of the hazards associated with the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs, but modern research into mechanisms of immune tolerance offers the promise of reprogramming the immune system, so as to harness the body's natural tolerance mechanisms in the service of graft acceptance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geohelminths: public health significance.
TL;DR: This paper is a review of the recent literature that examined the prevalence of geohelminthiasis in developing countries, the association between geohelmineths in relation to public health, parasitological/diagnostic features, and therapeutic and preventive aspects of these major soil-transmitted helminth (STH) pathogens in humans.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3
TL;DR: Foxp3, which encodes a transcription factor that is genetically defective in an autoimmune and inflammatory syndrome in humans and mice, is specifically expressed in naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells and retroviral gene transfer of Foxp3 converts naïve T cells toward a regulatory T cell phenotype similar to that of naturally occurring CD4+.
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Innate Immune Recognition
TL;DR: Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.
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Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells
TL;DR: It is reported that the forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 is specifically expressed in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and is required for their development and function and ectopic expression ofFoxp3 confers suppressor function on peripheral CD4-CD25− T cells.
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Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases.
TL;DR: The authors showed that CD4+CD25+ cells contribute to maintaining self-tolerance by downregulating immune response to self and non-self Ags in an Ag-nonspecific manner, presumably at the T cell activation stage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptors.
TL;DR: This unit discusses mammalian Toll receptors (TLR1‐10) that have an essential role in the innate immune recognition of microorganisms and are discussed are TLR‐mediated signaling pathways and antibodies that are available to detect specific TLRs.