Journal ArticleDOI
Neurobiological and psychiatric consequences of child abuse and neglect
TLDR
Most patients who have experienced early traumatic experiences are likely best treated with a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, and the few current treatment outcome studies relevant to this research area are described.Abstract:
The effects of early-life trauma and its consequences for the treatment of depression are reviewed. The prevalence and clinical sequelae of early sexual and physical abuse, neglect and parental loss are described. An overview of preclinical studies that help guide clinical research and practice is presented. Human clinical studies on the neurobiological consequences of early trauma are summarized. Moderating factors, such as genetic variation and sex differences, are discussed. The few current treatment outcome studies relevant to this research area are described. Guidance for the management of patients with depression and a history of child abuse and neglect are provided. Most patients who have experienced early traumatic experiences are likely best treated with a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. This review is dedicated to the memory of Seymour Levine who pioneered the field of early experience research and to a considerable extent inspired the clinical studies described in this review.read more
Citations
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Suicide and suicidal behaviour
Gustavo Turecki,David A. Brent +1 more
TL;DR: Improved recognition and understanding of clinical, psychological, sociological, and biological factors might help the detection of high-risk individuals and assist in treatment selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current research trends in early life stress and depression: review of human studies on sensitive periods, gene-environment interactions, and epigenetics.
TL;DR: The evidence for the existence of sensitive periods for the adverse effects of early life stress in humans is reviewed and the potential importance of identifying sensitive time periods of opportunity for early interventions that might prevent or reverse the detrimental outcomes ofEarly life stress and its transmission across generations is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why is depression more common among women than among men
TL;DR: Evidence regarding the epidemiology on gender differences in prevalence, incidence, and course of depression, and factors possibly explaining the gender gap are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social influences on neuroplasticity: stress and interventions to promote well-being
TL;DR: Although the precise mechanisms of plasticity are still not fully understood, moderate to severe stress appears to increase the growth of several sectors of the amygdala, whereas the effects in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tend to be opposite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paradise Lost: The Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect
TL;DR: This Review summarizes many of the persistent biological alterations associated with childhood maltreatment including changes in neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems and pro-inflammatory cytokines in addition to specific alterations in brain areas associated with mood regulation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
Vincent J. Felitti,Robert F. Anda,Dale F. Nordenberg,David F. Williamson,Alison M. Spitz,Valerie J. Edwards,Mary P. Koss,James S. Marks +7 more
TL;DR: For example, this article found a strong relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene
Avshalom Caspi,Karen Sugden,Terrie E. Moffitt,Alan Taylor,Ian W. Craig,Hona Lee Harrington,Joseph L. McClay,Jonathan Mill,Judy Martin,Antony W. Braithwaite,Richie Poulton +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction is provided, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup.
Book
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
TL;DR: The treatment of Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been studied extensively in the literature as discussed by the authors, with a focus on the treatment of the behavioral patterns of patients with BPD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior.
Ian C. G. Weaver,Nadia Cervoni,Frances A. Champagne,Ana C. D'Alessio,Shakti Sharma,Jonathan R. Seckl,Sergiy Dymov,Moshe Szyf,Michael J. Meaney +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that an epigenomic state of a gene can be established through behavioral programming, and it is potentially reversible, suggesting a causal relation among epigenomicState, GR expression and the maternal effect on stress responses in the offspring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition
TL;DR: In this Review a model is developed to explain why different disorders emerge in individuals exposed to stress at different times in their lives.