New Frontiers in Molecular Imaging with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs): Efficacy, Toxicity, and Future Applications
Viviana Frantellizzi,Miriam Conte,Mariano Pontico,Arianna Pani,Roberto Pani,Giuseppe De Vincentis +5 more
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TLDR
The diagnostic aspect of SPIONs in magnetic resonance imaging and in nuclear medicine is analyzed, with a particular focus on sentinel lymph node applications, and it is taken into account the possible toxicity and the effects on human physiology to determine the SPions’ safety.Abstract:
Supermagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoparticles that have an iron oxide core and a functionalized shell. SPIONs have recently raised much interest in the scientific community, given their exciting potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications. The possibility to modify their surface and the characteristics of their core make SPIONs a specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging but also an intriguing family of tracer for nuclear medicine. An example is 68Ga-radiolabeled bombesin-conjugated to superparamagnetic nanoparticles coated with trimethyl chitosan that is selective for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. These receptors are expressed by several human cancer cells such as breast and prostate neoplasia. Since the coating does not interfere with the properties of the molecules bounded to the shell, it has been proposed to link SPIONs with antibodies. SPIONs can be used also to monitor the biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cells and take place in various applications. The aim of this review of literature is to analyze the diagnostic aspect of SPIONs in magnetic resonance imaging and in nuclear medicine, with a particular focus on sentinel lymph node applications. Moreover, it is taken into account the possible toxicity and the effects on human physiology to determine the SPIONs’ safety.read more
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Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles—Current and Prospective Medical Applications
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Morteza Mahmoudi,Morteza Mahmoudi,Shilpa Sant,Shilpa Sant,Ben Wang,Ben Wang,Sophie Laurent,Tapas Sen +7 more
TL;DR: This review covers recent advances in the development of SPions together with their possibilities and limitations from fabrication to application in drug delivery and the state-of-the-art synthetic routes and surface modification of desired SPIONs for drug delivery purposes.
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Amyn S. Teja,Pei Yoong Koh +1 more
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