Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrate-induced photooxidation of trace organic chemicals in water.
TLDR
The oxidation kinetics of butyl chloride, nitrobenzene, anisole, and methylmercury in the presence of hydroxyl radical (OH) scavengers were used to determine the rate and quantum efficiency for production of OH from irradiated nitrate ions in water.Abstract:
The oxidation kinetics of butyl chloride, nitrobenzene, anisole, and methylmercury in the presence of hydroxyl radical (OH) scavengers were used to determine the rate and quantum efficiency for production of OH from irradiated nitrate ions in water. The experiments were conducted under steady-state irradiations with monochromatic radiation (313 nm) and with sunlight. The mean quantum efficiency for OH production at 313 nm rises from 0.013 +/- 0.002 at 20 /sup 0/C to 0.017 +/- 0.003 at 30 /sup 0/C in the pH range 6.2-8.2. Results of this study are used to estimate nitrate-induced photooxidation rates of trace organic chemicals under a variety of environmental conditions. 27 references, 6 figures, 2 tables.read more
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Mini review on the roles of nitrate/nitrite in advanced oxidation processes: Radicals transformation and products formation
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the impact of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on the performance of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is presented, and the authors summarize the all-round impacts of RNS on AOPs, and provide practical implications to better utilize the naturally present nitrate/nitrite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards universal wavelength-specific photodegradation rate constants for methyl mercury in humic waters, exemplified by a Boreal lake-wetland gradient.
Cristal Fernández-Gómez,Andreas Drott,Erik Björn,Sergi Díez,Josep M. Bayona,Solomon Tesfalidet,Anders V. Lindfors,Ulf Skyllberg +7 more
TL;DR: If the photon fluxes of PAR, UVA, and UVB radiation are separately determined and the wavelength-specific light attenuation is corrected for, the first-order rate constants kpdPAR, kpdUVA and kpdUVB will be universal to waters in which DOM controls the formation of ROS, and the chemical speciation of MeHg is controlled by the complexation with DOM associated thiols.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of nitrite and nitrate ions as photosensitizers in the phototransformation of phenolic compounds in seawater.
TL;DR: Competition was observed between halogenation and nitration of phenol, with variable outcome depending on nitrite concentration, and a kinetic model able to justify the occurrence of different intermediates under the adopted conditions is presented and discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Chemical Transformations of Chromium in Natural Waters – A Model Study
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid chemical kinetic and equilibrium model has been developed to quantitatively assess the dynamic oxidation-reduction (redox) transformations of chromium in natural waters, and it is found that natural water serves as a reductive environment for chromium under typical conditions, since the common oxidants of Cr(III) do not convert chromium to Cr(VI) at significant rates because of their extremely low levels or slow oxidation kinetics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Release of Gas-Phase Halogens by Photolytic Generation of OH in Frozen Halide—Nitrate Solutions: An Active Halogen Formation Mechanism?
J. Abbatt,Nathan Oldridge,Angela Symington,V. Chukalovskiy,R.D. McWhinney,S. J. Sjostedt,R. A. Cox +6 more
TL;DR: Gas-phase halogen formation should occur simultaneously with NO(x) release from frozen sea ice and snow surfaces that contain sufficient halides and deposited nitrate, consistent with each OH being involved in halide oxidation.
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