Journal ArticleDOI
Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous solution: a review
John Mack,James R. Bolton +1 more
TLDR
A review of the experimental work on NO2− and NO3− photolysis in the context of recent advances in the understanding of the chemistry of the peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−) in biological experiments is presented in this article.Abstract:
It has long been known that the photolysis of nitrite and nitrate solutions results in the formation of OH radicals. The mechanism of NO3− photolysis has been the subject of considerable controversy in the literature, however. This review summarizes the experimental work on NO2− and NO3− photolysis in the context of recent advances in the understanding of the chemistry of the peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−) in biological experiments. ONOO− has been found to play a far more significant role in the overall reaction mechanism of NO3− photolysis than had previously been suspected. Research on NO2− and NO3− photolysis, as a pathway to the destruction of organic contaminants in natural waters, is summarized. The possible impact of NO2− and NO3− on Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOTs), in which OH radicals are used to initiate the destruction of hazardous organic pollutants in drinking water and industrial waste streams, is explored.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals in STP effluents and their solar photodegradation in aquatic environment.
TL;DR: For six selected pharmaceuticals present in the STP effluents, the persistence towards abiotic photodegradation was evaluated submitting them to solar experiments at 40 degrees N latitude during spring and summer, based on experimentally measured quantum yields for the direct photolysis in bi-distilled water, half-life times at varying seasons and latitude were predicted for each substance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: Formation of Hydroxyl Radical and Application
Jianlong Wang,Le Jin Xu +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the formation reactions of the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and the mechanisms of pollutants degradation in six types of advanced oxidation processes, including radiation, photolysis and photocatalysis, sonolysis, electrochemical oxidation technologies, Fenton based reactions, and ozone-based processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental Implications of Hydroxyl Radicals ((•)OH).
TL;DR: An extensive view on the role of hydroxyl radical in different environmental compartments and in laboratory systems is provided, with the aim of drawing more attention to this emerging issue of great concern.
Journal ArticleDOI
Halonitroalkanes, Halonitriles, Haloamides, and N-Nitrosamines: A Critical Review of Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproduct Formation Pathways
Amisha D. Shah,William A. Mitch +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the formation pathways for nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) associated with chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, UV, and chloramine disinfection are critically reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts
Amanda M. Grannas,Anna E. Jones,Jack E. Dibb,Markus Ammann,Cort Anastasio,H. J. Beine,Michael H. Bergin,Jan W. Bottenheim,C. S. Boxe,Glenn Carver,G. Chen,James H. Crawford,Florent Domine,Markus M. Frey,Markus M. Frey,Marcelo I. Guzman,Marcelo I. Guzman,Dwayne E. Heard,Detlev Helmig,Michael R. Hoffmann,Richard E. Honrath,L. G. Huey,Manuel A. Hutterli,Hans-Werner Jacobi,Petr Klán,Barry Lefer,J. C. McConnell,John M. C. Plane,Rolf Sander,Joel Savarino,Paul B. Shepson,William R. Simpson,John R. Sodeau,R. von Glasow,Rolf Weller,Eric W. Wolff,Tong Zhu +36 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Critical Review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH/⋅O− in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, the rate constants for over 3500 reaction are tabulated, including reaction with molecules, ions and other radicals derived from inorganic and organic solutes, and the corresponding radical anions, ⋅O− and eaq−, have been critically pulse radiolysis, flash photolysis and other methods.
Journal Article
Critical review of rate condtants for reaction of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution
Journal ArticleDOI
Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.
TL;DR: It is proposed that superoxide dismutase may protect vascular tissue stimulated to produce superoxide and NO under pathological conditions by preventing the formation of peroxynitrite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly.
J. S. Beckman,Willem H. Koppenol +1 more
TL;DR: The rapid diffusion of nitric oxide between cells allows it to locally integrate the responses of blood vessels to turbulence, modulate synaptic plasticity in neurons, and control the oscillatory behavior of neuronal networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photochemical processes for water treatment
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