Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen mineralization: challenges of a changing paradigm
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TLDR
A complete new conceptual model of the soil N cycle needs to incorporate recent research on plant–microbe competition and microsite processes to explain the dynamics of N across the wide range of N availability found in terrestrial ecosystems.Abstract:
Until recently, the common view of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle had been driven by two core assumptions—plants use only inorganic N and they compete poorly against soil microbes for N. Thus, plants were thought to use N that microbes “left over,” allowing the N cycle to be divided cleanly into two pieces—the microbial decomposition side and the plant uptake and use side. These were linked by the process of net mineralization. Over the last decade, research has changed these views. N cycling is now seen as being driven by the depolymerization of N-containing polymers by microbial (including mycorrhizal) extracellular enzymes. This releases organic N-containing monomers that may be used by either plants or microbes. However, a complete new conceptual model of the soil N cycle needs to incorporate recent research on plant–microbe competition and microsite processes to explain the dynamics of N across the wide range of N availability found in terrestrial ecosystems. We discuss the evolution of thinking abou...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences
F. Stuart Chapin,Jack W. McFarland,A. David McGuire,Eugénie S. Euskirchen,Roger W. Ruess,Knut Kielland +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Woodwell-Whittaker model was used to model the terrestrial carbon cycle, and the authors showed that under conditions near steady state, geographic patterns of decomposition closely match those of net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR), and net C emissions are adequately described as a simple balance of NPP and HR.
Journal ArticleDOI
Roots, Nitrogen Transformations, and Ecosystem Services
TL;DR: The need for multiscale approaches to increase human dependence on a biologically based N supply is shown, with emphasis on agricultural systems, effects of N deposition in natural ecosystems, and ecosystem responses to elevated CO(2) concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus significantly modifies the soil bacterial community and nitrogen cycling during litter decomposition
Erin E. Nuccio,Angela Hodge,Jennifer Pett-Ridge,Donald J. Herman,Peter K. Weber,Mary K. Firestone +5 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the AMF primarily took up N in the inorganic form, and N export is one mechanism by which AMF could modify the soil microbial community and decomposition processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Controls on soil nitrogen cycling and microbial community composition across land use and incubation temperature
W. R. Cookson,M. Osman,Petra Marschner,Daniel A. Abaye,Ian M. Clark,Daniel Murphy,Elizabeth Stockdale,Christine A. Watson +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a laboratory incubation of forest (Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) or beech (Fagus sylvatica)), grassland (Trifolium repens/Lolium perenne) and arable (organic and conventional) soils at 5 and 25°C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in soil microcosms is inhibited by acetylene
TL;DR: Growth of only archaeal but not bacterial ammonia oxidizers occurred in microcosms with active nitrification, indicating that ammonia oxidation was mostly due to archaea in the conditions of the present study.
References
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