Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen mineralization: challenges of a changing paradigm
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
A complete new conceptual model of the soil N cycle needs to incorporate recent research on plant–microbe competition and microsite processes to explain the dynamics of N across the wide range of N availability found in terrestrial ecosystems.Abstract:
Until recently, the common view of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle had been driven by two core assumptions—plants use only inorganic N and they compete poorly against soil microbes for N. Thus, plants were thought to use N that microbes “left over,” allowing the N cycle to be divided cleanly into two pieces—the microbial decomposition side and the plant uptake and use side. These were linked by the process of net mineralization. Over the last decade, research has changed these views. N cycling is now seen as being driven by the depolymerization of N-containing polymers by microbial (including mycorrhizal) extracellular enzymes. This releases organic N-containing monomers that may be used by either plants or microbes. However, a complete new conceptual model of the soil N cycle needs to incorporate recent research on plant–microbe competition and microsite processes to explain the dynamics of N across the wide range of N availability found in terrestrial ecosystems. We discuss the evolution of thinking abou...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The unseen majority: Soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems
TL;DR: Overall, this review shows that soil microbes must be considered as important drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial stress‐response physiology and its implications for ecosystem function
TL;DR: It is suggested that more effectively integrating microbial ecology into ecosystem ecology will require a more complete integration of microbial physiological ecology, population biology, and process ecology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acquisition of phosphorus and nitrogen in the rhizosphere and plant growth promotion by microorganisms
Alan Richardson,José Miguel Barea,Ann McNeill,Claire Prigent-Combaret,Claire Prigent-Combaret +4 more
TL;DR: Features of the rhizosphere that are important for nutrient acquisition from soil are reviewed, with specific emphasis on the characteristics of roots that influence the availability and uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates – synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward
Richard T. Conant,Richard T. Conant,Michael G. Ryan,Göran I. Ågren,Hannah E. Birge,Eric A. Davidson,Peter E. Eliasson,Sarah E. Evans,Serita D. Frey,Christian P. Giardina,Francesca M. Hopkins,Riitta Hyvönen,Miko U. F. Kirschbaum,Jocelyn M. Lavallee,Jens Leifeld,William J. Parton,J. M. Steinweg,Matthew D. Wallenstein,J. Å. Martin Wetterstedt,Mark A. Bradford +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a new conceptual model that explicitly identifies the processes controlling soil organic matter availability for decomposition and allows a more explicit description of the factors regulating OM decomposition under different circumstances is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting biomes
TL;DR: It is proposed that a trait-based approach will help to develop strategies to preserve and promote carbon sequestration under global changes, and how the composition of key plant traits and soil biota related to carbon input, release and storage prevail in different biomes across the globe.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Internal Cycling of Nitrate in Soils of a Mature Coniferous Forest
TL;DR: Gross rates of N mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification were mea- sured by '5N isotope dilution in a 10-yr-old conifer plantation and in a mature conifer forest, indicating a rapid turnover of a small but important N03- pool and microbial assimilation may be an important pathway for N03 retention in forest ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial immobilization of ammonium and nitrate in relation to ammonification and nitrification rates in organic and conventional cropping systems
Martin Burger,Louise E. Jackson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, chemical and biological soil assays, 15 N isotope pool dilution and 15 N tracer techniques were used to compare NH4 availability, competition between nitrifiers and heterotrophic microorganisms for NH4, and microbial NO3 assimilation in an organic vs. a conventional irrigated cropping system in the California Central Valley.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping of sugar and amino acid availability in soil around roots with bacterial sensors of sucrose and tryptophan
TL;DR: A technique to map the availability of sugars and amino acids along live roots in an intact soil-root matrix with native microbial soil flora and fauna present will allow us to study interactions between root exudates and soil microorganisms at the fine spatial scale necessary to evaluate mechanisms of nitrogen cycling in the rhizosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biogeochemical Diversity Along a Riverside Toposequence in Arctic Alaska
TL;DR: Both N and P availability were low in all six ecosystems when compared with temperate forests or wetlands, however, there was considerable variation in the relative availability of N vs. P, and in the apparent relative importance of nitrate as a nitrogen source.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-term partitioning of ammonium and nitrate between plants and microbes in an annual grassland
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured short-term (24 h) partitioning of 15NH4+ and 15NO3− into plants and microbes in a California annual grassland.