Novel roles for immune molecules in neural development: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders
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TLDR
These functions for immune molecules during neural development suggest that they could also mediate pathological responses to chronic elevations of cytokines in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia.Abstract:
Although the brain has classically been considered “immune-privileged”, current research suggests an extensive communication between the immune and nervous systems in both health and disease. Recent studies demonstrate that immune molecules are present at the right place and time to modulate the development and function of the healthy and diseased central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, immune molecules play integral roles in the CNS throughout neural development, including affecting neurogenesis, neuronal migration, axon guidance, synapse formation, activity-dependent refinement of circuits, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, the roles of individual immune molecules in the nervous system may change over development. This review focuses on the effects of immune molecules on neuronal connections in the mammalian central nervous system – specifically the roles for MHCI and its receptors, complement, and cytokines on the function, refinement, and plasticity of geniculate, cortical and hippocampal synapses, and their relationship to neurodevelopmental disorders. These functions for immune molecules during neural development suggest that they could also mediate pathological responses to chronic elevations of cytokines in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia.read more
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Sex differences in microglial colonization of the developing rat brain
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The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior
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Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder
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Maternal immune activation causes age- and region-specific changes in brain cytokines in offspring throughout development.
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Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders: Focus on microglial function and neuroinflammation during development
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References
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Book
Cellular and Molecular Immunology
TL;DR: Cellular and molecular immunology , Cellular and molecular Immunology , کتابخانه الکرونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
Book
Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease
TL;DR: Introductory immunology textbook for medical students, advanced undergraduates, and graduate students.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits
Lawrence C. Katz,Carla J. Shatz +1 more
TL;DR: The sequential combination of spontaneously generated and experience-dependent neural activity endows the brain with an ongoing ability to accommodate to dynamically changing inputs during development and throughout life.
Journal ArticleDOI
The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination.
Beth Stevens,Nicola J. Allen,Luis E. Vazquez,Gareth R. Howell,Karen S. Christopherson,Navid Nouri,Kristina D. Micheva,Adrienne K. Mehalow,Andrew D. Huberman,Benjamin K. Stafford,Alexander Sher,Alan Litke,John D. Lambris,Stephen J. Smith,Simon W. M. John,Ben A. Barres +15 more
TL;DR: It is shown that C1q, the initiating protein in the classical complement cascade, is expressed by postnatal neurons in response to immature astrocytes and is localized to synapses throughout the postnatal CNS and retina, supporting a model in which unwanted synapses are tagged by complement for elimination and suggesting that complement-mediated synapse elimination may become aberrantly reactivated in neurodegenerative disease.