Numeric, Verbal, and Visual Formats of Conveying Health Risks: Suggested Best Practices and Future Recommendations
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Best practices for conveying magnitude of health risks using numeric, verbal, and visual formats are offered and several recommendations are suggested for enhancing precision in perception of risk by presenting risk magnitudes numerically and visually.Abstract:
Perception of health risk can affect medical decisions and health behavior change Yet the concept of risk is a difficult one for the public to grasp Whether perceptions of risk affect decisions and behaviors often relies on how messages of risk magnitudes (ie, likelihood) are conveyed Based on expert opinion, this article offers, when possible, best practices for conveying magnitude of health risks using numeric, verbal, and visual formats This expert opinion is based on existing empirical evidence, review of papers and books, and consultations with experts in risk communication This article also discusses formats to use pertaining to unique risk communication challenges (eg, conveying small-probability events, interactions) Several recommendations are suggested for enhancing precision in perception of risk by presenting risk magnitudes numerically and visually Overall, there are little data to suggest best practices for verbal communication of risk magnitudes Across the 3 formats, few overall recommendations could be suggested because of 1) lack of consistency in testing formats using the same outcomes in the domain of interest, 2) lack of critical tests using randomized controlled studies pitting formats against one another, and 3) lack of theoretical progress detailing and testing mechanisms why one format should be more efficacious in a specific context to affect risk magnitudes than others Areas of future research are provided that it is hoped will help illuminate future best practicesread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of adverse drug reaction formatting in drug information databases
TL;DR: Substantial variation in ADR formatting exists between the most common DI databases, and these differences may translate into alternative interpretations of medical information and, thus, impact clinical judgment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of Twitter users' gender and weight on viral behavioral intentions toward obesity-related news.
TL;DR: Gender and weight of a Twitter user (tweeter) affect participants’ evaluations and viral behavioral intentions toward news stories and these effects were more pronounced among male than female participants.
Dissertation
Designing Interactive Decision Aids for Medical Risk Communication and Exploration of Treatment Options
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to provide a history of web exceptionalism from 1989 to 2002, a period chosen in order to explore its roots as well as specific cases up to and including the year in which Ben Shneiderman died.
Journal ArticleDOI
Doing Safe by Doing Good: Non-Financial Reporting and the Risk Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors compare the effects of corporate social responsibility on firms' equity risk under two different reporting regimes: the risk-based U.S. and the content-based EU systems.
Journal Article
Presenting treatment safety data: subjective interpretations of objective information.
Sara W Faulks,Steven R. Feldman +1 more
TL;DR: Graphical presentation of psoriasis safety data is used to illustrate how patients subjectively interpret objective information, resulting in certain likely perceptions by the patient.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospect theory: analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
Posted Content
Risk as Feelings
TL;DR: It is shown that emotional reactions to risky situations often diverge from cognitive assessments of those risks, and when such divergence occurs, emotional reactions often drive behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk as feelings.
TL;DR: This article proposed the risk-as-feelings hypothesis, which highlights the role of affect experienced at the moment of decision making, and showed that emotional reactions to risky situations often diverge from cognitive assessments of those risks.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Construction of Preference
TL;DR: The idea that people's preferences are often constructed in the process of elicitation is derived from studies demonstrating that normatively equivalent elicitation (e.g., choice and pricing) give rise to systematically different responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
How to Improve Bayesian Reasoning Without Instruction: Frequency Formats
Gerd Gigerenzer,Ulrich Hoffrage +1 more
TL;DR: By analyzing several thousand solutions to Bayesian problems, the authors found that when information was presented in frequency formats, statistically naive participants derived up to 50% of all inferences by Bayesian algorithms.