Numeric, Verbal, and Visual Formats of Conveying Health Risks: Suggested Best Practices and Future Recommendations
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TLDR
Best practices for conveying magnitude of health risks using numeric, verbal, and visual formats are offered and several recommendations are suggested for enhancing precision in perception of risk by presenting risk magnitudes numerically and visually.Abstract:
Perception of health risk can affect medical decisions and health behavior change Yet the concept of risk is a difficult one for the public to grasp Whether perceptions of risk affect decisions and behaviors often relies on how messages of risk magnitudes (ie, likelihood) are conveyed Based on expert opinion, this article offers, when possible, best practices for conveying magnitude of health risks using numeric, verbal, and visual formats This expert opinion is based on existing empirical evidence, review of papers and books, and consultations with experts in risk communication This article also discusses formats to use pertaining to unique risk communication challenges (eg, conveying small-probability events, interactions) Several recommendations are suggested for enhancing precision in perception of risk by presenting risk magnitudes numerically and visually Overall, there are little data to suggest best practices for verbal communication of risk magnitudes Across the 3 formats, few overall recommendations could be suggested because of 1) lack of consistency in testing formats using the same outcomes in the domain of interest, 2) lack of critical tests using randomized controlled studies pitting formats against one another, and 3) lack of theoretical progress detailing and testing mechanisms why one format should be more efficacious in a specific context to affect risk magnitudes than others Areas of future research are provided that it is hoped will help illuminate future best practicesread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
What Factors Influence Women’s Perceptions of their Systemic Recurrence Risk after Breast Cancer Treatment?
Kamaria L. Lee,Nancy K. Janz,Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher,Reshma Jagsi,Lauren P. Wallner,Allison W. Kurian,Steven J. Katz,Paul Abrahamse,Sarah T. Hawley +8 more
TL;DR: Clinician discussions about recurrence risk should address uncertainty and relevance of family and personal history, and patient-clinician communication is important for breast cancer patients’ understanding of their numeric risk of systemic recurrence.
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Improving bone mineral density reporting to patients with an illustration of personal fracture risk.
Stephanie W. Edmonds,Stephanie W. Edmonds,Peter Cram,Peter Cram,Xin Lu,Douglas W. Roblin,Douglas W. Roblin,Nicole C. Wright,Kenneth G. Saag,Samantha L. Solimeo +9 more
TL;DR: Communicating risk to patients with illustrations can be done effectively with clearly designed illustrations responsive to patient preference with a plurality of participants listed a bar graph as most preferred.
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An Exploratory Application of Eye-Tracking Methods in a Discrete Choice Experiment.
TL;DR: This study is one of the first to show how eye-tracking can be used to understand responses to a health care DCE and highlighted the potential impact of risk communication on respondents’ decision-making strategies.
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Evaluation of risk communication in a mammography patient decision aid.
TL;DR: Patients' comprehension, memory, and impressions of risk communication messages in a patient decision aid, Mammopad, and perceived importance of numeric risk information in medical decision making are characterized and obstacles to understanding are identified.
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Interprofessional education about patient decision support in specialty care.
Mary C. Politi,Arwen H. Pieterse,Tracy Truant,Cornelia M. Borkhoff,Vikram Jha,Laura Kuhl,Jennifer Nicolai,Claudia Goss +7 more
TL;DR: Challenges inherent in providing interprofessional patient decision support in specialty care are described and ways for providers to engage in interprofessional decision support are proposed and promising approaches to teaching an inter professional decision support to specialty care providers are discussed.
References
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Prospect theory: analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
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