Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish.
Xinyu Li,Shixuan Zheng,Guoyao Wu +2 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation.Abstract:
Aquaculture is increasingly important for providing humans with high-quality animal protein to improve growth, development and health. Farm-raised fish and shellfish now exceed captured fisheries for foods. More than 70% of the production cost is dependent on the supply of compound feeds. A public debate or concern over aquaculture is its environmental sustainability as many fish species have high requirements for dietary protein and fishmeal. Protein or amino acids (AAs), which are the major component of tissue growth, are generally the most expensive nutrients in animal production and, therefore, are crucial for aquatic feed development. There is compelling evidence that an adequate supply of both traditionally classified nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in diets improve the growth, development and production performance of aquatic animals (e.g., larval metamorphosis). The processes for the utilization of dietary AAs or protein utilization by animals include digestion, absorption and metabolism. The digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation. Absorbed AAs are utilized for the syntheses of protein, peptides, AAs, and other metabolites (including nucleotides); biological oxidation and ATP production; gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis; and the regulation of acid-base balance, anti-oxidative reactions, and immune responses. Fish producers usually focus on the content or digestibility of dietary crude protein without considering the supply of AAs in the diet. In experiments involving dietary supplementation with AAs, inappropriate AAs (e.g., glycine and glutamate) are often used as the isonitrogenous control. At present, limited knowledge is available about either the cell- and tissue-specific metabolism of AAs or the effects of feed processing methods on the digestion and utilization of AAs in different fish species. These issues should be addressed to develop environment-friendly aquafeeds and reduce feed costs to sustain the global aquaculture.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and Metabolism: Foundations for Animal Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and develop prebiotic and probiotic alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production, while helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogenous and other wastes to the environment, and sustain animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans.
TL;DR: A review of amino acid metabolism in aquatic crustacean species at different life stages can be found in this article, where the authors highlight recent advances in AA nutrition and metabolism for optimum growth, health and wellbeing of crustaceans.
Book ChapterDOI
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals.
Peng Li,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals as mentioned in this paper, and proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, methionine, phenylalanine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroxyproline in animal metabolism, nutrition, and cell signaling
Shengdi Hu,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is highly abundant in collagen (accounting for about one-third of body proteins in humans and other animals) and has both structural and physiological significance in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein-Sourced Feedstuffs for Aquatic Animals in Nutrition Research and Aquaculture.
TL;DR: Aquatic animals have particularly high requirements for dietary amino acids (AAs) for health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction, and therefore are the determinants of the growth performance and feed efficiency of farmed fish as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Carnitine and Lysine Affect Channel Catfish Lipid and Protein Composition
Gary J. Burtle,Qinhua Liu +1 more
TL;DR: Under these conditions, dietary carnitine improves caffish tissue characteristics by reducing fat content and increasing protein content and protein content under Semipurified diets containing 30% protein and 3.44 kcal digestible energy/g.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect on protein digestibility of different processing conditions in the production of fish meal and fish feed
Johannes Opstvedt,Einar Nygård,Tor A. Samuelsen,Giorgio Venturini,U. Luzzana,Harald Mundheim +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of processing conditions on protein digestibility and fluorodinitrobenzene (available) lysine in the production of fish meal and extruded fish feed has been studied under pilot and commercial conditions using mink as model animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Dietary Arginine on Hematological Parameters and Innate Immune Function of Channel Catfish
J. Alejandro Buentello,Martha Reyes-Becerril,María de Jesús Romero-Geraldo,Felipe Ascencio-Valle +3 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that some aspects of the immune system of channel catfish are sensitive to changes in dietary ARG, and a moderate level of ARG in the culture media was found to be ideal in significantly enhancing phagocytosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutamine and glutamate: Nonessential or essential amino acids?
TL;DR: A number of important questions related to physiological condition, species under study and the form and amount of the supplements need to be addressed before the full benefits of glutamine and glutamate supplementation in domestic animal production can be realized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary supplementation of marine protein hydrolysates in fish-meal based diets for red sea bream (Pagrus major) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Sanaz Khosravi,Hien Thi Dieu Bui,Samad Rahimnejad,Mikaёl Herault,Vincent Fournier,Sung-Sam Kim,Joon-Bum Jeong,Kyeong-Jun Lee +7 more
TL;DR: Results of this study indicated that supplementation of 2% KH in diets for red sea bream and olive flounder can enhance growth performances and feed efficiency, and that non-specific immune response can be positively affected by both KH and TH.