Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish.
Xinyu Li,Shixuan Zheng,Guoyao Wu +2 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation.Abstract:
Aquaculture is increasingly important for providing humans with high-quality animal protein to improve growth, development and health. Farm-raised fish and shellfish now exceed captured fisheries for foods. More than 70% of the production cost is dependent on the supply of compound feeds. A public debate or concern over aquaculture is its environmental sustainability as many fish species have high requirements for dietary protein and fishmeal. Protein or amino acids (AAs), which are the major component of tissue growth, are generally the most expensive nutrients in animal production and, therefore, are crucial for aquatic feed development. There is compelling evidence that an adequate supply of both traditionally classified nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in diets improve the growth, development and production performance of aquatic animals (e.g., larval metamorphosis). The processes for the utilization of dietary AAs or protein utilization by animals include digestion, absorption and metabolism. The digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation. Absorbed AAs are utilized for the syntheses of protein, peptides, AAs, and other metabolites (including nucleotides); biological oxidation and ATP production; gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis; and the regulation of acid-base balance, anti-oxidative reactions, and immune responses. Fish producers usually focus on the content or digestibility of dietary crude protein without considering the supply of AAs in the diet. In experiments involving dietary supplementation with AAs, inappropriate AAs (e.g., glycine and glutamate) are often used as the isonitrogenous control. At present, limited knowledge is available about either the cell- and tissue-specific metabolism of AAs or the effects of feed processing methods on the digestion and utilization of AAs in different fish species. These issues should be addressed to develop environment-friendly aquafeeds and reduce feed costs to sustain the global aquaculture.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and Metabolism: Foundations for Animal Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and develop prebiotic and probiotic alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production, while helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogenous and other wastes to the environment, and sustain animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans.
TL;DR: A review of amino acid metabolism in aquatic crustacean species at different life stages can be found in this article, where the authors highlight recent advances in AA nutrition and metabolism for optimum growth, health and wellbeing of crustaceans.
Book ChapterDOI
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals.
Peng Li,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals as mentioned in this paper, and proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, methionine, phenylalanine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroxyproline in animal metabolism, nutrition, and cell signaling
Shengdi Hu,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is highly abundant in collagen (accounting for about one-third of body proteins in humans and other animals) and has both structural and physiological significance in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein-Sourced Feedstuffs for Aquatic Animals in Nutrition Research and Aquaculture.
TL;DR: Aquatic animals have particularly high requirements for dietary amino acids (AAs) for health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction, and therefore are the determinants of the growth performance and feed efficiency of farmed fish as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary tryptophan modulates intestinal immune response, barrier function, antioxidant status and gene expression of TOR and Nrf2 in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Hai-Lang Wen,Lin Feng,Lin Feng,Wei-Dan Jiang,Wei-Dan Jiang,Yang Liu,Yang Liu,Jun Jiang,Jun Jiang,Shu-Hong Li,Ling Tang,Yong-An Zhang,Sheng-Yao Kuang,Xiao-Qiu Zhou,Xiao-Qiu Zhou +14 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Direct activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion through different receptors to neuroexcitatory amino acids.
TL;DR: The in vitro release of GnRH from the hypothalamus showed a maximal increase in animals sacrificed 7.5 min after NMDA injection, while serum LH levels rose concomitantly, and the permissive effect of glycine on GnRH response to NMDA was 2.7-fold more important using glycine concentrations of 0.01 microM than when concentrations greater than or equal to 100 microM were used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food-grade fish
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the fractions used for each for 1950-2010 by fishing country, and thus provided a factual foundation for discussions of the optimal use of fisheries resources.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of dietary protein level on spawning performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock reared at different water salinities
TL;DR: It was revealed that 40% dietary protein is required for optimum spawning performance of Nile tilapia reared at 0‰, 7‰ and 14‰ salinity, and indicated that spawning performance and larval growth were better in freshwater than at 7‚¬ and 14″¬ salinity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expression and activities of pancreatic enzymes in developing sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) in relation to intact and hydrolyzed dietary protein; involvement of cholecystokinin
TL;DR: It is suggested that dietary protein level and chain length combined with protein intraluminal proteolytic activity regulate the CCK level in fish larvae as in other vertebrates.