Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish.
Xinyu Li,Shixuan Zheng,Guoyao Wu +2 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this paper, the digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation.Abstract:
Aquaculture is increasingly important for providing humans with high-quality animal protein to improve growth, development and health. Farm-raised fish and shellfish now exceed captured fisheries for foods. More than 70% of the production cost is dependent on the supply of compound feeds. A public debate or concern over aquaculture is its environmental sustainability as many fish species have high requirements for dietary protein and fishmeal. Protein or amino acids (AAs), which are the major component of tissue growth, are generally the most expensive nutrients in animal production and, therefore, are crucial for aquatic feed development. There is compelling evidence that an adequate supply of both traditionally classified nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in diets improve the growth, development and production performance of aquatic animals (e.g., larval metamorphosis). The processes for the utilization of dietary AAs or protein utilization by animals include digestion, absorption and metabolism. The digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation. Absorbed AAs are utilized for the syntheses of protein, peptides, AAs, and other metabolites (including nucleotides); biological oxidation and ATP production; gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis; and the regulation of acid-base balance, anti-oxidative reactions, and immune responses. Fish producers usually focus on the content or digestibility of dietary crude protein without considering the supply of AAs in the diet. In experiments involving dietary supplementation with AAs, inappropriate AAs (e.g., glycine and glutamate) are often used as the isonitrogenous control. At present, limited knowledge is available about either the cell- and tissue-specific metabolism of AAs or the effects of feed processing methods on the digestion and utilization of AAs in different fish species. These issues should be addressed to develop environment-friendly aquafeeds and reduce feed costs to sustain the global aquaculture.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth
Cláudia Aragão,Ana Teresa Gonçalves,Benjamín Costas,Rita Azeredo,Maria J. Xavier,Sofia Engrola +5 more
TL;DR: The research results indicate that alternative protein sources, such as terrestrial plant proteins, rendered animal by-products, insect meals, micro- and macroalgae, and single cell proteins, may negatively impact gut microbiota and health, thus affecting immune and stress responses.
Book ChapterDOI
Amino Acids in the Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health of Domestic Cats.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on AA nutrition and metabolism in cats and present a review of the requirements of cats for proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic Amino Acids (EAAs).
Book ChapterDOI
Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals
TL;DR: The proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline and tryptophan, tyrosine as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
L-Arginine Nutrition and Metabolism in Ruminants.
TL;DR: In this paper, it has been shown that an adequate amount of supplemental rumen-protected Arg or unencapsulated Cit is necessary to support maximum survival, growth, lactation, reproductive performance, and feed efficiency in all ruminants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Its Disorders in Fish.
TL;DR: The liver size increases with lipid or glycogen accumulation, and excess glucose is stored either as glycogen through glycogenesis in hepatocytes or as triglycerides via lipogenesis in tissues, depending on the species as discussed by the authors.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition.
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimal nutritional countermeasure against space radiation-induced cytotoxicity is designed for the biological safety of astronauts, where a large body of the literature supports the notion that dietary antioxidants are useful radioprotectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation with one or a mixture of these functional AA, which include arginine, cysteine, glutamine, leucine, proline, and tryptophan, may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle and optimizing efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, egg and meat quality and athletic performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish
TL;DR: The use of plant-derived materials such as legume seeds, different types of oilseed cake, leaf meals, leaf protein concentrates, and root tuber meals as fish feed ingredients is limited by the presence of a wide variety of antinutritional substances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects
Albert G. J. Tacon,Marc Metian +1 more
TL;DR: The finfish and crustacean aquaculture sector is still highly dependent upon marine capture fisheries for sourcing key dietary nutrient inputs, including fish meal and fish oil, which is particularly strong within compound aquafeeds for farmed carnivorous finfish species and marine shrimp.
Journal ArticleDOI
T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors.
Jayaram Chandrashekar,Ken Mueller,Mark A. Hoon,Elliot Adler,Luxin Feng,Wei Guo,Charles S. Zuker,Nicholas J. P. Ryba +7 more
TL;DR: A heterologous expression system is used to show that specific T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors, and these findings provide a plausible explanation for the uniform bitter taste that is evoked by many structurally unrelated toxic compounds.