Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish.
Xinyu Li,Shixuan Zheng,Guoyao Wu +2 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation.Abstract:
Aquaculture is increasingly important for providing humans with high-quality animal protein to improve growth, development and health. Farm-raised fish and shellfish now exceed captured fisheries for foods. More than 70% of the production cost is dependent on the supply of compound feeds. A public debate or concern over aquaculture is its environmental sustainability as many fish species have high requirements for dietary protein and fishmeal. Protein or amino acids (AAs), which are the major component of tissue growth, are generally the most expensive nutrients in animal production and, therefore, are crucial for aquatic feed development. There is compelling evidence that an adequate supply of both traditionally classified nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in diets improve the growth, development and production performance of aquatic animals (e.g., larval metamorphosis). The processes for the utilization of dietary AAs or protein utilization by animals include digestion, absorption and metabolism. The digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation. Absorbed AAs are utilized for the syntheses of protein, peptides, AAs, and other metabolites (including nucleotides); biological oxidation and ATP production; gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis; and the regulation of acid-base balance, anti-oxidative reactions, and immune responses. Fish producers usually focus on the content or digestibility of dietary crude protein without considering the supply of AAs in the diet. In experiments involving dietary supplementation with AAs, inappropriate AAs (e.g., glycine and glutamate) are often used as the isonitrogenous control. At present, limited knowledge is available about either the cell- and tissue-specific metabolism of AAs or the effects of feed processing methods on the digestion and utilization of AAs in different fish species. These issues should be addressed to develop environment-friendly aquafeeds and reduce feed costs to sustain the global aquaculture.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and Metabolism: Foundations for Animal Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and develop prebiotic and probiotic alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production, while helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogenous and other wastes to the environment, and sustain animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans.
TL;DR: A review of amino acid metabolism in aquatic crustacean species at different life stages can be found in this article, where the authors highlight recent advances in AA nutrition and metabolism for optimum growth, health and wellbeing of crustaceans.
Book ChapterDOI
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals.
Peng Li,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals as mentioned in this paper, and proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, methionine, phenylalanine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroxyproline in animal metabolism, nutrition, and cell signaling
Shengdi Hu,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is highly abundant in collagen (accounting for about one-third of body proteins in humans and other animals) and has both structural and physiological significance in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein-Sourced Feedstuffs for Aquatic Animals in Nutrition Research and Aquaculture.
TL;DR: Aquatic animals have particularly high requirements for dietary amino acids (AAs) for health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction, and therefore are the determinants of the growth performance and feed efficiency of farmed fish as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of dietary crystalline methionine or oligo-methionine on growth performance and feed utilization of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed plant protein-enriched diets
TL;DR: This study indicated that compared with the CMet, dietary OMet resulted in better growth and feed efficiency of L. vannamei fed with plant protein-enriched diets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary leucine improves flesh quality and alters mRNA expressions of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes in the muscle of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Yu-Ping Deng,Wei-Dan Jiang,Wei-Dan Jiang,Yang Liu,Yang Liu,Biao Qu,Jun Jiang,Jun Jiang,Sheng-Yao Kuang,Ling Tang,Wu-Neng Tang,Pei Wu,Yong-An Zhang,Xiao-Qiu Zhou,Xiao-Qiu Zhou,Lin Feng,Lin Feng +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of dietary leucine on flesh quality and the mRNA level of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes in the muscle of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was assessed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary arginine supplementation decreases plasma cortisol levels and modulates immune mechanisms in chronically stressed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
TL;DR: Dietary arginine supplementation may present valuable effects in chronically stressed turbot by decreasing plasma cortisol levels and enhancing most aspects of the innate immune mechanisms assessed after 60 days.
Book ChapterDOI
Metabolism of Amino Acids in the Brain and Their Roles in Regulating Food Intake.
Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +1 more
TL;DR: The content and balance of AAs in diets have a profound impact on food intake by animals and knowledge of AA transport and metabolism in the brain is beneficial for improving the health and well-being of humans and animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of glutamate on growth, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant-related signaling molecule expression in primary cultures of fish enterocytes
TL;DR: Glu improved the proliferation, function, and antioxidant capacity and regulated antioxidant-related signaling molecule expression of fish enterocytes and decreased Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 mRNA level in enterocytes.