Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish.
Xinyu Li,Shixuan Zheng,Guoyao Wu +2 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation.Abstract:
Aquaculture is increasingly important for providing humans with high-quality animal protein to improve growth, development and health. Farm-raised fish and shellfish now exceed captured fisheries for foods. More than 70% of the production cost is dependent on the supply of compound feeds. A public debate or concern over aquaculture is its environmental sustainability as many fish species have high requirements for dietary protein and fishmeal. Protein or amino acids (AAs), which are the major component of tissue growth, are generally the most expensive nutrients in animal production and, therefore, are crucial for aquatic feed development. There is compelling evidence that an adequate supply of both traditionally classified nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in diets improve the growth, development and production performance of aquatic animals (e.g., larval metamorphosis). The processes for the utilization of dietary AAs or protein utilization by animals include digestion, absorption and metabolism. The digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation. Absorbed AAs are utilized for the syntheses of protein, peptides, AAs, and other metabolites (including nucleotides); biological oxidation and ATP production; gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis; and the regulation of acid-base balance, anti-oxidative reactions, and immune responses. Fish producers usually focus on the content or digestibility of dietary crude protein without considering the supply of AAs in the diet. In experiments involving dietary supplementation with AAs, inappropriate AAs (e.g., glycine and glutamate) are often used as the isonitrogenous control. At present, limited knowledge is available about either the cell- and tissue-specific metabolism of AAs or the effects of feed processing methods on the digestion and utilization of AAs in different fish species. These issues should be addressed to develop environment-friendly aquafeeds and reduce feed costs to sustain the global aquaculture.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comprehensive evaluation of growth characteristics, nitrogen removal capacity, and nutritional properties of three diet microalgae
TL;DR: In this article , three microalgae species, namely Nannochloropsis oceanica, Cyclotella atomus, and Conticribra weissflogii, were evaluated for removing nitrogen from wastewater.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amino Acid Requirements for Nile Tilapia: An Update
TL;DR: In this article , a review aims to consolidate the relevant published data exploring the amino acid (AA) requirements of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and reach a new set of recommendations based on those data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beneficial roles of nutrients as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide theoretical references for the application of nutrient immunostimulants in aquatic feeds and provide information on different kinds of nutritional administration used in aquaculture to enhance positive impacts on aquatic animals' health as well as feed quality development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Substitution effect of fish meal with meat meal in diet on growth performance, feed consumption, feed utilization, chemical composition, hematology, and innate immune responses of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of dietary substitution of MM for FM on the growth, feed consumption, feed utilization, body composition, hematology, and innate immune responses of rockfish was determined.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Inclusion of Jujube By-Products in Animal Feed: A Review
TL;DR: In this article , the nutritional components and benefits of jujube by-products and their potential incorporation in animal feed are reviewed. But the authors focus on the use of byproducts as a supplement or partial dietary replacement in the animal feed industry.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition.
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimal nutritional countermeasure against space radiation-induced cytotoxicity is designed for the biological safety of astronauts, where a large body of the literature supports the notion that dietary antioxidants are useful radioprotectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation with one or a mixture of these functional AA, which include arginine, cysteine, glutamine, leucine, proline, and tryptophan, may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle and optimizing efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, egg and meat quality and athletic performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish
TL;DR: The use of plant-derived materials such as legume seeds, different types of oilseed cake, leaf meals, leaf protein concentrates, and root tuber meals as fish feed ingredients is limited by the presence of a wide variety of antinutritional substances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects
Albert G. J. Tacon,Marc Metian +1 more
TL;DR: The finfish and crustacean aquaculture sector is still highly dependent upon marine capture fisheries for sourcing key dietary nutrient inputs, including fish meal and fish oil, which is particularly strong within compound aquafeeds for farmed carnivorous finfish species and marine shrimp.
Journal ArticleDOI
T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors.
Jayaram Chandrashekar,Ken Mueller,Mark A. Hoon,Elliot Adler,Luxin Feng,Wei Guo,Charles S. Zuker,Nicholas J. P. Ryba +7 more
TL;DR: A heterologous expression system is used to show that specific T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors, and these findings provide a plausible explanation for the uniform bitter taste that is evoked by many structurally unrelated toxic compounds.