Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish.
Xinyu Li,Shixuan Zheng,Guoyao Wu +2 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation.Abstract:
Aquaculture is increasingly important for providing humans with high-quality animal protein to improve growth, development and health. Farm-raised fish and shellfish now exceed captured fisheries for foods. More than 70% of the production cost is dependent on the supply of compound feeds. A public debate or concern over aquaculture is its environmental sustainability as many fish species have high requirements for dietary protein and fishmeal. Protein or amino acids (AAs), which are the major component of tissue growth, are generally the most expensive nutrients in animal production and, therefore, are crucial for aquatic feed development. There is compelling evidence that an adequate supply of both traditionally classified nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in diets improve the growth, development and production performance of aquatic animals (e.g., larval metamorphosis). The processes for the utilization of dietary AAs or protein utilization by animals include digestion, absorption and metabolism. The digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation. Absorbed AAs are utilized for the syntheses of protein, peptides, AAs, and other metabolites (including nucleotides); biological oxidation and ATP production; gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis; and the regulation of acid-base balance, anti-oxidative reactions, and immune responses. Fish producers usually focus on the content or digestibility of dietary crude protein without considering the supply of AAs in the diet. In experiments involving dietary supplementation with AAs, inappropriate AAs (e.g., glycine and glutamate) are often used as the isonitrogenous control. At present, limited knowledge is available about either the cell- and tissue-specific metabolism of AAs or the effects of feed processing methods on the digestion and utilization of AAs in different fish species. These issues should be addressed to develop environment-friendly aquafeeds and reduce feed costs to sustain the global aquaculture.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and Metabolism: Foundations for Animal Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and develop prebiotic and probiotic alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production, while helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogenous and other wastes to the environment, and sustain animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans.
TL;DR: A review of amino acid metabolism in aquatic crustacean species at different life stages can be found in this article, where the authors highlight recent advances in AA nutrition and metabolism for optimum growth, health and wellbeing of crustaceans.
Book ChapterDOI
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals.
Peng Li,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals as mentioned in this paper, and proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, methionine, phenylalanine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroxyproline in animal metabolism, nutrition, and cell signaling
Shengdi Hu,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is highly abundant in collagen (accounting for about one-third of body proteins in humans and other animals) and has both structural and physiological significance in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein-Sourced Feedstuffs for Aquatic Animals in Nutrition Research and Aquaculture.
TL;DR: Aquatic animals have particularly high requirements for dietary amino acids (AAs) for health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction, and therefore are the determinants of the growth performance and feed efficiency of farmed fish as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Growth and quality of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed with high and low fat diets supplemented with glutamate
Ingrid A. Ingebrigtsen,Gerd Marit Berge,Bente Ruyter,Marte Avranden Kjær,Turid Mørkøre,Mette Sørensen,Tor Gjøen +6 more
TL;DR: Overall, only marginal effects of glutamate supplementation could be observed at both fat levels, and a quality parameter like fillet lightness was significantly increased by glutamate in the low fat group whereas fillet firmness was increased in the high fat group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary L -arginine supplementation reduces lipid accretion by regulating fatty acid metabolism in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )
Senlin Li,Yunchang Zhang,Ning Liu,Jingqing Chen,Lina Guo,Zhaolai Dai,Chao Wang,Zhenlong Wu,Guoyao Wu +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that dietary supplementation with 1% or 2% arginine decreased the deposition and concentration of fats in the liver; the concentrations of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and high-density cholesterol in the serum; and the diameter of adipocytes in intraperitoneal adipose tissue.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary arginine supplementation does not improve nutrient utilisation in gilthead seabream
TL;DR: Overall, an excess of dietary arginine had no beneficial effects on growth performance and feed utilisation of gilthead seabream juveniles fed plant feedstuffs-based diets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolic and immune effects of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides induced by dietary arginine
Fenglu Han,Shuyan Chi,Beiping Tan,Xiaohui Dong,Qihui Yang,Hongyu Liu,Shuang Zhang,Di Liu,Yuanfa He +8 more
TL;DR: The present results indicated that different Arg levels of diets were no significant effects on the fish survival rate of each groups after 8 weeks feeding experiment, and the highest weight gain and specific growth rate were found in Diet 4, and significantly higher than the other groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Structure of the Gut of a Coral Fish, Chelmon rostratus Cuvier
C. K. Tan,Y. F. Teh +1 more