Omega-3 fatty acids for cardioprotection
John H. Lee,James H. O'Keefe,Carl J. Lavie,Roberto Marchioli,William S. Harris +4 more
- Vol. 83, Iss: 3, pp 324-332
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
It is suggested that intake of omega-3 fatty acids, whether from dietary sources or fish oil supplements, should be increased, especially in those with or at risk for coronary artery disease, and patients with hypertriglyceridemia.Abstract:
The most compelling evidence for the cardiovascular benefit provided by omega-3 fatty acids comes from 3 large controlled trials of 32,000 participants randomized to receive omega-3 fatty acid supplements containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or to act as controls These trials showed reductions in cardiovascular events of 19% to 45% These findings suggest that intake of omega-3 fatty acids, whether from dietary sources or fish oil supplements, should be increased, especially in those with or at risk for coronary artery disease Patients should consume both DHA and EPA The target DHA and EPA consumption levels are about 1 g/d for those with known coronary artery disease and at least 500 mg/d for those without disease Patients with hypertriglyceridemia benefit from treatment with 3 to 4 g/d of DHA and EPA, a dosage that lowers triglyceride levels by 20% to 50% Although 2 meals of oily fish per week can provide 400 to 500 mg/d of DHA and EPA, secondary prevention patients and those with hypertriglyceridemia must use fish oil supplements if they are to reach 1 g/d and 3 to 4 g/d of DHA and EPA, respectively Combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids and a statin is a safe and effective way to improve lipid levels and cardiovascular prognosis beyond the benefits provided by statin therapy alone Blood DHA and EPA levels could one day be used to identify patients with deficient levels and to individualize therapeutic recommendationsread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine n−3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
JoAnn E. Manson,Nancy R. Cook,I-Min Lee,William G. Christen,Shari S. Bassuk,Samia Mora,Heike Gibson,Christine M. Albert,David Gordon,Copeland T,Derek Dagostino,Friedenberg G,Ridge C,Bubes,Edward Giovannucci,Walter C. Willett,Julie E. Buring +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a two-by-two factorial design, of vitamin D3 (at a dose of 2000 IU per day) and marine n−3 fatty acids (a dose of 1 g per day).
Journal ArticleDOI
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Diseases
TL;DR: The evidence from retrospective epidemiologic studies and from large randomized controlled trials showing the benefits of omega-3 PUFA, specifically EPA and DHA, in primary and secondary CV prevention and insight into potential mechanisms of these observed benefits are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine Bioactives as Functional Food Ingredients: Potential to Reduce the Incidence of Chronic Diseases
TL;DR: The marine environment represents a relatively untapped source of functional ingredients that can be applied to various aspects of food processing, storage, and fortification and the prevention of chronic diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements.
TL;DR: In this paper, the extent of conversion in humans of the parent PUFA, linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), to their respective long-chain PUFA products was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid supplements for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease.
JoAnn E. Manson,Shari S. Bassuk,I-Min Lee,I-Min Lee,Nancy R. Cook,Nancy R. Cook,Michelle A. Albert,David Gordon,Elaine Zaharris,Jean G. MacFadyen,Eleanor Danielson,Jennifer Y. Lin,Shumin M. Zhang,Julie E. Buring,Julie E. Buring +14 more
TL;DR: The ongoing VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 factorial trial of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acids in the primary prevention of cancer and CVD among a multi-ethnic population of 20,000 U.S. men aged ≥ 50 and women aged ≥ 55.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
TL;DR: Evidence from epidemiological studies and RCTs will be reviewed, and recommendations reflecting the current state of knowledge will be made with regard to both fish consumption and omega-3 fatty acid (plant- and marine-derived) supplementation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (dart)
Michael Leslie Burr,J. F. Gilbert,R. M. Holliday,Peter Creighton Elwood,Ann M. Fehily,S. Rogers,P. M. Sweetnam,N. M. Deadman +7 more
TL;DR: A modest intake of fatty fish (two or three portions per week) may reduce mortality in men who have recovered from MI.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis
Mitsuhiro Yokoyama,Hideki Origasa,Masunori Matsuzaki,Yuji Matsuzawa,Yasushi Saito,Yuichi Ishikawa,Shinichi Oikawa,Jun Sasaki,Hitoshi Hishida,Hiroshige Itakura,Toru Kita,Akira Kitabatake,Noriaki Nakaya,Toshiie Sakata,Kazuyuki Shimada,Kunio Shirato +15 more
TL;DR: Testing the hypothesis that long-term use of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is effective for prevention of major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients in Japan who consume a large amount of fish found it to be a promising treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fish Intake, Contaminants, and Human Health: Evaluating the Risks and the Benefits
Dariush Mozaffarian,Eric B. Rimm +1 more
TL;DR: For major health outcomes among adults, the benefits of fish intake exceed the potential risks, and for women of childbearing age, benefits of modest fish intake, excepting a few selected species, also outweigh risks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
TL;DR: Recommendations reflecting the current state of knowledge will be made with regard to both fish consumption and omega-3 fatty acid (plant- and marine-derived) supplementation in the context of recent guidance issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration about the presence of environmental contaminants in certain species of fish.
Related Papers (5)
Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
Early Protection Against Sudden Death by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids After Myocardial Infarction Time-Course Analysis of the Results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione
Roberto Marchioli,Federica Barzi,Elena Bomba,Carmine Chieffo,Domenico Di Gregorio,Rocco Di Mascio,Maria Grazia Franzosi,Enrico Geraci,Giacomo Levantesi,Aldo P. Maggioni,Loredana Mantini,Rosa Maria Marfisi,G. Mastrogiuseppe,Nicola Mininni,Gian Luigi Nicolosi,Massimo Santini,Carlo Schweiger,Luigi Tavazzi,Gianni Tognoni,Corrado Tucci,Franco Valagussa +20 more