Journal ArticleDOI
Organelle identity and the signposts for membrane traffic
Rudy Behnia,Sean Munro +1 more
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TLDR
Recent studies have helped to establish how cells maintain and restrict these determinants and explain how this system is exploited by invading pathogens.Abstract:
Eukaryotic cells have systems of internal organelles to synthesize lipids and membrane proteins, to release secreted proteins, to take up nutrients and to degrade membrane-bound and internalized molecules. Proteins and lipids move from organelle to organelle using transport vesicles. The accuracy of this traffic depends upon organelles being correctly recognized. In general, organelles are identified by the activated GTPases and specific lipid species that they display. These short-lived determinants provide organelles with an identity that is both unique and flexible. Recent studies have helped to establish how cells maintain and restrict these determinants and explain how this system is exploited by invading pathogens.read more
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Phosphoinositides in cell regulation and membrane dynamics
TL;DR: Inositol phospholipids mediate acute responses, but also act as constitutive signals that help define organelle identity, and play a fundamental part in controlling membrane–cytosol interfaces.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endosome maturation: Endosome maturation
Jatta Huotari,Ari Helenius +1 more
TL;DR: The maturation programme entails a dramatic transformation of these dynamic organelles disconnecting them functionally and spatially from early endosomes and preparing them for their unidirectional role as a feeder pathway to lysosomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lysosomes: fusion and function
TL;DR: Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that receive and degrade macromolecules from the secretory, endocytic, autophagic and phagocytic membrane-trafficking pathways, as well as having more specialized secretory functions in some cell types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Membrane recognition by phospholipid-binding domains.
TL;DR: Many different globular domains bind to the surfaces of cellular membranes, or to specific phospholipid components in these membranes, and this binding is often tightly regulated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of Small GTPases by GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs
TL;DR: An overview of the current knowledge of the many facets of small GTPase regulation is presented, including multilayered autoinhibition with stepwise release, feedback loops mediated by the activated GTPases, feed-forward signaling flow between regulators and effectors, and a phosphorylation code for RhoGDIs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rab proteins as membrane organizers
Marino Zerial,Heidi M. McBride +1 more
TL;DR: Cellular organelles in the exocytic and endocytic pathways have a distinctive spatial distribution and communicate through an elaborate system of vesiculo-tubular transport.
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SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion
Thomas H. Söllner,Sidney W. Whiteheart,Michael Brunner,Hediye Erdjument-Bromage,Scott J. Geromanos,Paul Tempst,James E. Rothman +6 more
TL;DR: The existence of numerous SNARE-related proteins, each apparently specific for a single kind of vesicles or target membrane, indicates that NSF and SNAPs may be universal components of a vesicle fusion apparatus common to both constitutive and regulated fusion (including neurotransmitter release), in which the SNAREs may help to ensure vesICLE-to-target specificity.
Journal ArticleDOI
A ubiquitin-like system mediates protein lipidation
Yoshinobu Ichimura,Takayoshi Kirisako,Takayoshi Kirisako,Toshifumi Takao,Yoshinori Satomi,Yasutsugu Shimonishi,Naotada Ishihara,Noboru Mizushima,Noboru Mizushima,Isei Tanida,Eiki Kominami,Mariko Ohsumi,Takeshi Noda,Takeshi Noda,Yoshinori Ohsumi,Yoshinori Ohsumi +15 more
TL;DR: A new mode of protein lipidation is reported, in which Apg8 is covalently conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine through an amide bond between the C-terminal glycine and the amino group of phosph atidyleanolamine, mediated by a ubiquitination-like system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The guanine nucleotide-binding switch in three dimensions.
TL;DR: Underlying principles of guanosine nucleotide–binding proteins regulate a variety of processes, including sensual perception, protein synthesis, various transport processes, and cell growth and differentiation are defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Mechanisms of Vesicle Budding and Fusion
TL;DR: Genetic and biochemical analyses of the secretory pathway have produced a detailed picture of the molecular mechanisms involved in selective cargo transport between organelles, including Vesicle budding and cargo selection, which depend on a machinery that includes the SNARE proteins.