Showing papers in "Cell in 2005"

TL;DR: In a four-genome analysis of 3' UTRs, approximately 13,000 regulatory relationships were detected above the estimate of false-positive predictions, thereby implicating as miRNA targets more than 5300 human genes, which represented 30% of the gene set.

TL;DR: Insight is provided into the transcriptional regulation of stem cells and how OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG contribute to pluripotency and self-renewal and how they collaborate to form regulatory circuitry consisting of autoregulatory and feedforward loops.

TL;DR: The evidence is reviewed that both supports and conflicts with the free radical theory of aging and the growing link between mitochondrial metabolism, oxidant formation, and the biology of aging is examined.

TL;DR: It is shown that the let-7 family negatively regulates let-60/RAS, a regulatory RNAs found in multicellular eukaryotes, including humans, where they are implicated in cancer.

TL;DR: Bcl-2 not only functions as an antiapoptotic protein, but also as an antiautophagy protein via its inhibitory interaction with Beclin 1, which may help maintain autophagy at levels that are compatible with cell survival, rather than cell death.

TL;DR: Using a coimplantation tumor xenograft model, it is demonstrated that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts extracted from human breast carcinomas promote the growth of admixed breast carcinoma cells significantly more than do normal mammaries derived from the same patients.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify a histone demethylase conserved from S. pombe to human and reveal dynamic regulation of histone methylation by both histonemethylases and demethylases.

TL;DR: This work compared the gene expression profiles of highly purified HSCs and non-self-renewing multipotent hematopoietic progenitors and found that both groups occupied multiple niches, including sinusoidal endothelium in diverse tissues.

TL;DR: The identification of a novel protein termed MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling), which mediates the activation of NF-kappaB and IRF 3 in response to viral infection, and implicates a new role of mitochondria in innate immunity.

TL;DR: During colonization of animals with the ubiquitous gut microorganism Bacteroides fragilis, a bacterial polysaccharide (PSA) directs the cellular and physical maturation of the developing immune system.

TL;DR: A large, highly connected network of interacting pairs of human proteins was identified, characterizing ANP32A and CRMP1 as modulators of Wnt signaling and two novel Axin-1 interactions were validated experimentally.

TL;DR: Data support a model in which miRNA-guided formation of a 5' or 3' terminus within pre-ta-siRNA transcripts, followed by RDR6-dependent formation of dsRNA and Dicer-like processing, yields phased ta-siRNAs that negatively regulate other genes.

TL;DR: The senescence response may be antagonistically pleiotropic, promoting early-life survival by curtailing the development of cancer but eventually limiting longevity as dysfunctional senescent cells accumulate.

TL;DR: Although bronchiolar cells and alveolar cells are proposed to be the precursor cells of adenocarcinoma, this work points to bronchioalveolar stem cells as the putative cells of origin for this subtype of lung cancer.

TL;DR: The amyloid hypothesis based on both known and putative Alzheimer's disease genes is assessed, with positive results for beta-amyloid inaques andaques is confirmed in animals and humans.

TL;DR: It is shown that TNFalpha-induced ROS, whose accumulation is suppressed by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, cause oxidation and inhibition of JNK-inactivating phosphatases by converting their catalytic cysteine to sulfenic acid, which results in sustained JNK activation, which is required for cytochrome c release and caspase 3 cleavage.

TL;DR: To understand the cell and molecular basis of aging is to unravel the multiplicity of mechanisms causing damage to accumulate and the complex array of systems working to keep damage at bay.

TL;DR: An inventory of the deubiquitinating enzymes encoded in the human genome is presented and the literature concerning these enzymes is reviewed, with particular emphasis on their function, specificity, and the regulation of their activity.

TL;DR: Yorkie (Yki), the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP), is identified as a missing link between Wts and transcriptional regulation and is a critical target of the Wts/Lats protein kinase and a potential oncogene.

TL;DR: This work found that the level of Rab 5 dynamically fluctuates on individual early endosomes, linked by fusion and fission events into a network in time, and suggested Rab conversion as the mechanism of cargo progression between early and late endosome.

TL;DR: It is shown that RISC is composed of Dicer, the double-stranded RNA binding protein TRBP, and Argonaute2 and it is demonstrated that this complex can cleave target RNA using precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) hairpin as the source of siRNA.

TL;DR: Methylation patterns at orthologous loci are strongly conserved between human and mouse even though many methylated sites do not show sequence conservation notably higher than background, which suggests that the DNA elements that direct the methylation represent only a small fraction of the region or lie at some distance from the site.

TL;DR: These studies identify TSPs as CNS synaptogenic proteins, provide evidence that astrocytes are important contributors to synaptogenesis within the developing CNS, and suggest that TSP-1 and -2 act as a permissive switch that times CNSsynaptogenesis by enabling neuronal molecules to assemble into synapses within a specific window of CNS development.

TL;DR: Using growth factor-dependent cells from Bax/Bak-deficient mice, it is demonstrated that apoptosis is not essential to limit cell autonomous survival and growth factor signal transduction is required to direct the utilization of sufficient exogenous nutrients to maintain cell viability.

TL;DR: These maps take into account changes in nucleosome occupancy at actively transcribed genes and, in doing so, revise previous assessments of the modifications associated with gene expression, providing the foundation for further understanding the roles of chromatin in gene expression and genome maintenance.

TL;DR: This work directly demonstrates transcriptional bursting in Escherichia coli, similar to that indirectly inferred for eukaryotes, and extends protein-based approaches by counting the integer-valued number of transcript with single-molecule resolution.

TL;DR: It is revealed that mRNAs containing partial miRNA complementary sites can be targeted for degradation in vivo, raising the possibility that regulation at the level of mRNA stability may be more common than previously appreciated for the miRNA pathway.

TL;DR: Within a normally stable tissue, the satellite cell exhibits archetypal stem cell properties and is competent to form the basal origin of adult muscle regeneration.

TL;DR: As a cluster of recent Nature papers now show, altered expression of specific miRNA genes contributes to the initiation and progression of cancer.

TL;DR: The unbiased sequence interrogation of the genuine chromatin binding sites suggests that direct ER binding requires the presence of Forkhead factor binding in close proximity, demonstrating the necessity of FoxA1 in mediating an estrogen response in breast cancer cells.