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Outbreak-associated Salmonella enterica Serotypes and Food Commodities, United States, 1998–2008

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TLDR
The diversity and predominance of food commodities implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis during 1998–2008 were examined to clarify links between Salmonella serotypes and specific foods.
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections are transmitted not only by animal-derived foods but also by vegetables, fruits, and other plant products. To clarify links between Salmonella serotypes and specific foods, we examined the diversity and predominance of food commodities implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis during 1998-2008. More than 80% of outbreaks caused by serotypes Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Hadar were attributed to eggs or poultry, whereas >50% of outbreaks caused by serotypes Javiana, Litchfield, Mbandaka, Muenchen, Poona, and Senftenberg were attributed to plant commodities. Serotypes Typhimurium and Newport were associated with a wide variety of food commodities. Knowledge about these associations can help guide outbreak investigations and control measures.

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Tissue colonization and circulating T lymphocytes in laying hens upon oral challenge with Salmonella enterica serovars.

TL;DR: Non-SE serovars have equal or higher potential to colonize reproductive tissues of laying hens and may be accompanied by altered lymphocyte populations, and modulate circulating T-cell populations.
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Using Outbreak Data for Hypothesis Generation: A Vehicle Prediction Tool for Disease Outbreaks Caused by Salmonella and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli.

TL;DR: A model to predict vehicles for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella outbreaks using demographic and outbreak characteristics from outbreaks in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System and Animal Contact Outbreak Surveillance system was developed and translated into a free, publicly available online tool.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of Plant Systemic Resistance Elicited by Biological and Chemical Inducers on the Colonization of the Lettuce and Basil Leaf Apoplast by Salmonella enterica.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors tested the hypothesis that induction of plant systemic resistance by biological (ISR) and chemical (systemic acquired resistance [SAR]) elicitors reduces endophytic colonization of leaves by Salmonella enterica serovars Senftenberg and Typhimurium.
References
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Book

Inequalities: Theory of Majorization and Its Applications

TL;DR: In this paper, Doubly Stochastic Matrices and Schur-Convex Functions are used to represent matrix functions in the context of matrix factorizations, compounds, direct products and M-matrices.
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Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens

TL;DR: Each year, 31 pathogens caused 9.4 million episodes of foodborne illness, resulting in 55,961 hospitalizations and 1,351 deaths in the United States.
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Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks — United States, 2009–2015

TL;DR: Norovirus remains the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks, highlighting the continued need for food safety improvements targeting worker health and hygiene in food service settings.
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The growing burden of foodborne outbreaks due to contaminated fresh produce: risks and opportunities.

TL;DR: Outbreak investigations represent important opportunities to evaluate contamination at the farm level and along the farm-to-fork continuum and more research into the biology and ecology of pathogen-produce interactions are needed to identify better prevention strategies.
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