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Outbreak-associated Salmonella enterica Serotypes and Food Commodities, United States, 1998–2008

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TLDR
The diversity and predominance of food commodities implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis during 1998–2008 were examined to clarify links between Salmonella serotypes and specific foods.
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections are transmitted not only by animal-derived foods but also by vegetables, fruits, and other plant products. To clarify links between Salmonella serotypes and specific foods, we examined the diversity and predominance of food commodities implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis during 1998-2008. More than 80% of outbreaks caused by serotypes Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Hadar were attributed to eggs or poultry, whereas >50% of outbreaks caused by serotypes Javiana, Litchfield, Mbandaka, Muenchen, Poona, and Senftenberg were attributed to plant commodities. Serotypes Typhimurium and Newport were associated with a wide variety of food commodities. Knowledge about these associations can help guide outbreak investigations and control measures.

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TL;DR: It is confirmed that A. diaperinus constitutes a potential reservoir of zoonotic Salmonella strains of sanitary and economic concern for the industry and for public health, and antimicrobial resistance and evidence of megaplasmid pESI carriage are confirmed.
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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar in Greece, from 2007 to 2010.

TL;DR: All 120 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar isolated during 2007-2010 in Greece were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods and indicate that this clone was circulating through the food chain in Greece during the study period.
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Comparison of methods for quantitating Salmonella enterica typhimurium and heidelberg strain attachment to reusable plastic shipping container coupons and preliminary assessment of sanitizer efficacy

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Salmonella fecal shedding in pigs from birth to market and its association with the presence of Salmonella in palatine tonsils and submandibular lymph nodes at slaughter.

TL;DR: The seasonal trend in Salmonella shedding and its association with age may be used to identify high-risk groups and implement more effective control measures accordingly and the identification of repeat shedders warrants interventions that target this source of infection on swine farms.
References
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Book

Inequalities: Theory of Majorization and Its Applications

TL;DR: In this paper, Doubly Stochastic Matrices and Schur-Convex Functions are used to represent matrix functions in the context of matrix factorizations, compounds, direct products and M-matrices.
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Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens

TL;DR: Each year, 31 pathogens caused 9.4 million episodes of foodborne illness, resulting in 55,961 hospitalizations and 1,351 deaths in the United States.
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Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks — United States, 2009–2015

TL;DR: Norovirus remains the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks, highlighting the continued need for food safety improvements targeting worker health and hygiene in food service settings.
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The growing burden of foodborne outbreaks due to contaminated fresh produce: risks and opportunities.

TL;DR: Outbreak investigations represent important opportunities to evaluate contamination at the farm level and along the farm-to-fork continuum and more research into the biology and ecology of pathogen-produce interactions are needed to identify better prevention strategies.
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