Peripheral nerve and muscle ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
TLDR
High‐resolution ultrasound has been used to evaluate several neuromuscular conditions, but it has only been used on a limited basis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, and not to assess their peripheral nerves.Abstract:
Introduction:
High-resolution ultrasound has been used to evaluate several neuromuscular conditions, but it has only been used on a limited basis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. It has not been used to assess their peripheral nerves. This study was designed to use neuromuscular ultrasound to investigate nerve cross-sectional area and muscle thickness in ALS.
Methods:
Twenty individuals with ALS and 20 matched controls underwent neuromuscular ultrasound to measure the cross-sectional area of their median and sural nerves and the thickness of their biceps/brachialis muscle complex.
Results:
The cross-sectional area of the median nerve in the mid-arm was smaller in the ALS group than in controls (10.5 mm2 vs. 12.7 mm2, P = 0.0023), but no difference was seen in the sural nerve (4.5 mm2 vs. 5.0 mm2, P = 0.1927). The ALS group also had thinner biceps/brachialis than controls (2.1 cm vs. 2.9 cm, P = 0.0007).
Conclusions:
Neuromuscular ultrasound demonstrates nerve and muscle atrophy in ALS and should be further explored as a disease biomarker. Muscle Nerve 44: 346–351, 2011read more
Citations
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Diffusion tensor imaging analysis of sequential spreading of disease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis confirms patterns of TDP-43 pathology.
Jan Kassubek,Hans-Peter Müller,Kelly Del Tredici,Johannes Brettschneider,Elmar H. Pinkhardt,Dorothée Lulé,Sarah Böhm,Heiko Braak,Albert C. Ludolph +8 more
TL;DR: A new methodological diffusion tensor imaging-based approach to automatically analyse in vivo the fibre tracts that are prone to be involved at each neuropathological stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, enlarges the spectrum of potential non-invasive surrogate markers as a neuroimaging-based read-out for amyotropolitan sclerosis studies within a clinical context.
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Ultrasonography of Peripheral Nerves
TL;DR: Sonographic findings of normal nerves are reviewed, including key quantitative ultrasound measurements that are helpful in the evaluation of focal and possibly generalized peripheral neuropathies.
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Neuromuscular ultrasonography: quantifying muscle and nerve measurements.
TL;DR: The quantitative use of neuromuscular ultrasonography, particularly measurements of the size and echogenicity of nerve and muscle, as a tool for assessing the severity, progression, and response of these tissues to therapeutic interventions is reviewed.
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Validity and reliability of nerve and muscle ultrasound.
Michael S. Cartwright,Samantha Demar,Leah Griffin,Nikhil Balakrishnan,Jessica M. Harris,Francis O. Walker +5 more
TL;DR: Overall, nerve and muscle ultrasound is a valid and reliable diagnostic imaging technique, and its validity and reliability have not been assessed systematically.
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Ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy: structure meets function in the neuromuscular clinic
TL;DR: Closer scrutiny of nerve abnormalities beyond assessment of nerve calibre may allow for more accurate diagnostic classification of PN, as well as contribute to the understanding of the intersection of structure and function in PN.
References
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Cross-sectional area reference values for nerve ultrasonography
Michael S. Cartwright,Leah Passmore,Joon Shik Yoon,Martin E. Brown,James B. Caress,Francis O. Walker +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors obtained reference values for the nerve cross-sectional area at the following sites: radial at antecubital fossa; radial at distal spiral groove; musculocutaneous in upper arm; trunks of the brachial plexus; vagus at carotid bifurcation; sciatic in distal thigh; tibial in popliteal fissure; tibia in proximal calf; tiberial at proximal ankle; peroneal in Popliteal Fissure 6; and sur
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Ultrasound of nerve and muscle
TL;DR: A review of the technical aspects of ultrasound and its physical principles can be found in this article, which relates normal muscle anatomy and movement to ultrasound images in the axial and sagittal planes and follows with a discussion of ultrasound findings in chronic muscle disease.