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Journal ArticleDOI

Plant extracts as modulators of genotoxic effects

Debisri Sarkar, +2 more
- 01 Oct 1996 - 
- Vol. 62, Iss: 4, pp 275-300
TLDR
Higher plants used extensively in traditional medicines are increasingly being screened for their role in modulating the activity of environmental genotoxicants, and plant extracts able to modify the process of mutagenesis, which involves alteration in the genetic material are extended.
Abstract
Higher plants used extensively in traditional medicines are increasingly being screened for their role in modulating the activity of environmental genotoxicants. The property of preventing carcinogenesis has been reported in many plant extracts. The observation of a close association between carcinogenesis and mutagenesis has extended the survey to include plant extracts and plant products able to modify the process of mutagenesis, which involves alteration in the genetic material. Natural plant products may, apart from inducing mutations, modify the action of other known mutagens on the living organisms by 1) activating the existing mutagens within the cell, 2) inhibiting the production of mutagens in the cell, 3) synergising the activity of existing mutagens, or 4) activating the promutagens within the cell into mutagens. This review deals with data obtained in the course of research on the modulatory effects of plant extracts on mutagenesis and clastogenesis, two genotoxic phenomena associated with carcinogenesis.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Broad spectrum antimutagenic activity of antioxidant active fraction of punica granatum L. peel extracts.

TL;DR: High content of ellagitannins is revealed which might be responsible for promising antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of P. granatum peel extract which is to be explored to understand the exact mechanism of action as well as their therapeutic efficacy.
Journal ArticleDOI

Inhibitory effect of Emblica officinalis on the in vivo clastogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and cyclophosphamide in mice.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the possible mechanism of inhibition by plant extract is mediated by its modulatory effect on hepatic activation and disposition processes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Methanol extract from the stem of Cotinus coggygria Scop., and its major bioactive phytochemical constituent myricetin modulate pyrogallol-induced DNA damage and liver injury.

TL;DR: The results suggest that pro-surviving Akt activity and STAT3 protein expression play important roles in decreasing DNA damage and in mediating hepatic protection by the methanol extract of C. coggygria against pyrogallol-induced toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cytogenotoxicity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (lemon grass) aqueous extracts in vegetal test systems

TL;DR: The results showed that the highest concentration of aqueous extracts reduced the mitotic index, the seed germination and the root development of lettuce, and the extracts have also induced chromosome aberrations and cellular death in the roots cells of L. sativa.
Book ChapterDOI

Potential Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Plant Extracts

TL;DR: The medicinal use of plants is probably as old as human kind itself and many of the plants species used for this purpose have been found to contain therapeutic substances which can be extracted and used in preparation of drugs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of medicinal plant extracts from Chinese herbal medicines on the mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene.

TL;DR: Cinnamomi cortex, Rhei rhizoma, Scutellariae radix and Rehmanniae radix were found to decrease the mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene, and Aurantii nobilis pericarpium had an enhancing effect, but then neither of these extracts is itself Mutagenic.
Journal Article

Effect of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Indian gooseberry) fruit extract on sodium azide and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium.

TL;DR: The enhanced inhibitory activity of the extracts on pre-incubation suggests the possibility of desmutagens in the extracts, and the role of other antimutagenic factors in the extract cannot be ruled out.
Journal ArticleDOI

Enhancement of BHA-induced proliferative rat forestomach lesion development by simultaneous treatment with other antioxidants.

TL;DR: It is concluded that mixed treatment with BHA and other antioxidants exerted enhancing or inhibitory effects on the induction of hyperplasia at different sites of the forestomach epithelium.
Journal Article

Vitamin C lowers mutagenic and toxic effect of hexavalent chromium in guinea pigs.

TL;DR: Results indicate that high intake of ascorbic acid in the diet reduces mutagenic effects of K2Cr2O7 and its toxic influence on drug metabolizing enzymes in hepatocytes, and the protective effect ascorBic acid consists most probably in the enhanced extracellular and intracellular reduction of hexavalent chromium.
Journal ArticleDOI

Genotoxic action of an aqueous extract of Heliotropium curassavicum var. argentinum.

TL;DR: The toxic effect could be associated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides, which through a process of in vitro metabolism become activated by microsomal oxidation and change into pyrrolic derivatives.
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