Journal ArticleDOI
Plumbing the Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Inland Waters into the Terrestrial Carbon Budget
Jonathan J. Cole,Yves T. Prairie,Nina F. Caraco,William H. McDowell,Lars J. Tranvik,Robert G. Striegl,Carlos M. Duarte,Pirkko Kortelainen,John A. Downing,Jack J. Middelburg,John M. Melack +10 more
TLDR
In this paper, the role of inland water ecosystems in the global carbon cycle has been investigated and it is shown that roughly twice as much C enters inland aquatic systems from land as is exported from land to the sea, roughly equally as inorganic and organic carbon.Abstract:
Because freshwater covers such a small fraction of the Earth’s surface area, inland freshwater ecosystems (particularly lakes, rivers, and reservoirs) have rarely been considered as potentially important quantitative components of the carbon cycle at either global or regional scales. By taking published estimates of gas exchange, sediment accumulation, and carbon transport for a variety of aquatic systems, we have constructed a budget for the role of inland water ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. Our analysis conservatively estimates that inland waters annually receive, from a combination of background and anthropogenically altered sources, on the order of 1.9 Pg C y−1 from the terrestrial landscape, of which about 0.2 is buried in aquatic sediments, at least 0.8 (possibly much more) is returned to the atmosphere as gas exchange while the remaining 0.9 Pg y−1 is delivered to the oceans, roughly equally as inorganic and organic carbon. Thus, roughly twice as much C enters inland aquatic systems from land as is exported from land to the sea. Over prolonged time net carbon fluxes in aquatic systems tend to be greater per unit area than in much of the surrounding land. Although their area is small, these freshwater aquatic systems can affect regional C balances. Further, the inclusion of inland, freshwater ecosystems provides useful insight about the storage, oxidation and transport of terrestrial C, and may warrant a revision of how the modern net C sink on land is described.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The contentious nature of soil organic matter
Johannes Lehmann,Markus Kleber +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the available evidence does not support the formation of large-molecular-size and persistent ‘humic substances’ in soils, and instead soil organic matter is a continuum of progressively decomposing organic compounds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate
Lars J. Tranvik,John A. Downing,James B. Cotner,Steven Loiselle,Robert G. Striegl,Thomas J. Ballatore,Peter J. Dillon,Kerri Finlay,Kenneth Fortino,Lesley B. Knoll,Pirkko Kortelainen,Tiitt Kutser,Soren H. H. Larsen,Isabelle Laurion,Dina M. Leech,S. Leigh McCallister,Diane M. McKnight,John M. Melack,Erin P. Overholt,Jason A. Porter,Yves T. Prairie,William H. Renwick,Fábio Roland,Bradford Sherman,David W. Schindler,Sebastian Sobek,Alain Tremblay,Michael J. Vanni,Antoine M. Verschoor,Eddie von Wachenfeldt,Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer +30 more
TL;DR: The role of lakes in carbon cycling and global climate, examine the mechanisms influencing carbon pools and transformations in lakes, and discuss how the metabolism of carbon in the inland waters is likely to change in response to climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters
Peter A. Raymond,Jens Hartmann,Ronny Lauerwald,Ronny Lauerwald,Sebastian Sobek,Cory P. McDonald,Mark Hoover,David Butman,David Butman,Robert G. Striegl,Emilio Mayorga,Christoph Humborg,Pirkko Kortelainen,Hans H. Dürr,Michel Meybeck,Philippe Ciais,Peter L. Guth +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO2 and gas transfer velocity, and obtain global CO2 evasion rates of 1.8(-0.25) and 0.52 Pg C yr(-1) from lakes and reservoirs, where the upper and lower limits are respectively the 5th and 95th confidence interval percentiles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil enzymes in a changing environment: Current knowledge and future directions
Richard G. Burns,Jared L. DeForest,Juergen Marxsen,Robert L. Sinsabaugh,Mary E. Stromberger,Matthew D. Wallenstein,Michael N. Weintraub,Annamaria Zoppini +7 more
TL;DR: The collective vision of the future of extracellular enzyme research is offered: one that will depend on imaginative thinking as well as technological advances, and be built upon synergies between diverse disciplines.
Journal ArticleDOI
The boundless carbon cycle
Tom J. Battin,Tom J. Battin,Sebastiaan Luyssaert,Louis A. Kaplan,Anthony K. Aufdenkampe,Andreas Richter,Lars J. Tranvik +6 more
TL;DR: The terrestrial biosphere is assumed to take up most of the carbon on land, but it is becoming clear that inland waters process large amounts of organic carbon and must be considered in strategies to mitigate climate change as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Book
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a modeling approach aimed at seasonal resolution of global climatic and edaphic controls on patterns of terrestrial ecosystem production and soil microbial respiration using satellite imagery (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project solar radiation), along with historical climate (monthly temperature and precipitation) and soil attributes (texture, C and N contents) from global (1°) data sets as model inputs.
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Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate
Lars J. Tranvik,John A. Downing,James B. Cotner,Steven Loiselle,Robert G. Striegl,Thomas J. Ballatore,Peter J. Dillon,Kerri Finlay,Kenneth Fortino,Lesley B. Knoll,Pirkko Kortelainen,Tiitt Kutser,Soren H. H. Larsen,Isabelle Laurion,Dina M. Leech,S. Leigh McCallister,Diane M. McKnight,John M. Melack,Erin P. Overholt,Jason A. Porter,Yves T. Prairie,William H. Renwick,Fábio Roland,Bradford Sherman,David W. Schindler,Sebastian Sobek,Alain Tremblay,Michael J. Vanni,Antoine M. Verschoor,Eddie von Wachenfeldt,Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer +30 more