Journal ArticleDOI
Polymer integration for packaging of implantable sensors
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors give an overview of the use of polymers in implantable sensor packages, and identify future directions for their application, and assess the specific merits and drawbacks of several material-process combinations.Abstract:
Inexpensive, easy-to-process, light-weight polymer-based materials that are biocompatible, mechanically flexible, and optically transparent have emerged as alternatives to metals and ceramics in the packaging of implantable sensors. These materials have been used to package components such as microelectrode arrays, telemetric coils and structural membranes. Polymers are also being used for the encapsulations and coatings of the implants. The devices and packages require fine-pitch, low-loss, and highly-conductive paths on mechanically and chemically reliable polymer films. In this review, several polymers used for implantation and related integration technologies are identified. We give an overview of novel applications of polymers in implantable sensor packages, and identify future directions for their application. Polymers exhibit high moisture absorption rate, high-frequency electrical loss, and low mechanical stability. These properties are aggravated when polymers are used for in vivo applications. Also, the integration of polymers with polymers/metals at high bonding temperatures and pressures may degrade their properties and interfaces. Furthermore, adhesive bonding and physical/chemical deposition methods for the integration may introduce non-hermetic, permeable, optically opaque, and poorly conductive interfaces. Thus, creating polymer-based high-density and small-dimension structures are critical for packaging. To address these issues, polymers with improved characteristics as well as integration techniques using low bonding temperature and pressure are indispensable. Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and surface activated bonding (SAB) technologies meet these requirements. SAB technologies enable nanoscaled polymer–polymer/metal bonding to realize reliable, miniaturized, and high-performance packages for implantable sensors. This article is meant to serve as a reference for future research in the emerging field of implantable sensors by critically assessing the specific merits and drawbacks of several material-process combinations.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Polymeric Biomaterials for Medical Implants and Devices
TL;DR: This review article focuses on the various types of materials used in biomedical implantable devices, including the polymeric materials used as substrates and for the packaging of such devices.
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Route towards sustainable smart sensors: ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-based materials and their integration in flexible electronics
TL;DR: This article reviews the up-to-date accomplishments in the ferroelectric polymer field, with focus on materials involving polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and also discussed both their current advancement and future growth in the development of sustainable systems.
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Microfabricated electrochemical pH and free chlorine sensors for water quality monitoring: recent advances and research challenges
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss different physical configurations of microfabricated sensors, including potentiometric electrodes, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors, and chemo-resistors/transistors for electrochemical pH sensing.
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Application of MOF materials as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy and dermal treatment
TL;DR: In this article, a review of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) applications in drug delivery and cosmetics are considered and evaluated, and a large number of the current carriers reveal rapid drug release and poor loading.
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