Population-based evidence of a strong decline in the prevalence of smokers in Brazil (1989-2003)
Carlos Augusto Monteiro,Tania Maria Cavalcante,Erly Catarina de Moura,Rafael Moreira Claro,Célia Landmann Szwarcwald +4 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors evaluated the evolution in smoking indicators in the adult Brazilian population between 1989 and 2003 and found that there was a substantial decrease in the prevalence of smoking (from 34.8% to 22.4% and a modest reduction in the mean number of cigarettes consumed per day (from 13.3 to 11.6).Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the evolution in smoking indicators in the adult Brazilian population between 1989 and 2003.
Methods We compared age-adjusted prevalence ratios and means for smoking indicators, stratified by age, sex and sociodemographic
variables, obtained from two comparable household surveys that used probabilistic sampling of the Brazilian population aged > 18
years (n = 34 808 in 1989 and n = 5000 in 2003).
Findings Between 1989 and 2003, there was a substantial decrease in the prevalence of smoking (from 34.8% to 22.4%; ageadjusted
prevalence ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.60–0.70) and a modest reduction in the mean number of cigarettes
smoked per day (from 13.3 to 11.6; age-adjusted difference, –1.8; 95% CI, –2.6 – –1.0). Reductions in the prevalence and intensity
of smoking were greater among males, younger age groups and higher socioeconomic strata.
Conclusion The prevalence of smoking in the adult Brazilian population declined by 35% between 1989 and 2003, or an average
of 2.5% per year. This exceptional reduction surpasses those seen in other countries that implemented wide-ranging and rigorous
policies for controlling smoking during the same period. The more intense decline in smoking in younger age groups was consistent
with the concentration of efforts of the Brazilian tobacco control programme to prevent the onset of smoking among youths and
the total prohibition of cigarette advertising. We recommend the intensification of programme initiatives targeting women and less
economically favoured population strata.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: burden and current challenges.
Maria Inês Schmidt,Bruce Bartholow Duncan,Gulnar Azevedo e Silva,Ana Maria Menezes,Carlos Augusto Monteiro,Sandhi Maria Barreto,Dóra Chor,Paulo Rossi Menezes +7 more
TL;DR: Brazil has implemented major policies for the prevention of NCDs, and its age-adjusted NCD mortality is falling by 1·8% per year, however, the unfavourable trends for most major risk factors pose an enormous challenge and call for additional and timely action and policies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Marissa B Reitsma,Nancy Fullman,Marie Ng,Joseph Salama,Amanuel Alemu Abajobir,Kalkidan Hassen Abate,Cristiana Abbafati,Semaw Ferede Abera,Biju Abraham,Gebre Yitayih Abyu,Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi,Ziyad Al-Aly,Alicia Aleman,Raghib Ali,Ala'a Alkerwi,Peter Allebeck,Rajaa Al-Raddadi,Azmeraw T. Amare,Alemayehu Amberbir,Walid Ammar,Stephen M. Amrock,Carl Abelardo T. Antonio,Hamid Asayesh,Niguse Tadela Atnafu,Peter Azzopardi,Amitava Banerjee,Aleksandra Barac,Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez,Ana Basto-Abreu,Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi,Neeraj Bedi,Brent Bell,Aminu K. Bello,Isabela M. Benseñor,Addisu Shunu Beyene,Neeraj Bhala,Stan Biryukov,Kaylin Bolt,Hermann Brenner,Zahid A Butt,Fiorella Cavalleri,Kelly Cercy,Honglei Chen,Devasahayam J. Christopher,Liliana G Ciobanu,Valentina Colistro,Mercedes Colomar,Leslie Cornaby,Xiaochen Dai,Solomon Abrha Damtew,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Emily Dansereau,Kairat Davletov,Anand Dayama,Tizta Tilahun Degfie,Amare Deribew,Samath D Dharmaratne,Balem Demtsu Dimtsu,Kerrie E. Doyle,Aman Yesuf Endries,Sergey Petrovich Ermakov,Kara Estep,Emerito Jose A. Faraon,Farshad Farzadfar,Valery L. Feigin,Andrea B. Feigl,Florian Fischer,Joseph Friedman,Tsegaye Tewelde G,hiwot,Seana L. Gall,Wayne Gao,Richard F. Gillum,Audra L Gold,Sameer Vali Gopalani,Carolyn C. Gotay,Rashmi Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Vipin Gupta,Randah R. Hamadeh,Graeme J. Hankey,Hilda L Harb,Simon I. Hay,Masako Horino,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Dean Hosgood,Abdullatif Husseini,Bogdan Vasile Ileanu,Farhad Islami,Guohong Jiang,Ying Jiang,Jost B. Jonas,Zubair Kabir,Ritul Kamal,Amir Kasaeian,Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran,Yousef Khader,Ibrahim A Khalil,Young-Ho Khang,Sahil Khera,Jagdish Khubchandani,Daniel Kim,Yun Jin Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Luke D. Knibbs,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Dhaval Kolte,Jacek A. Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Georgios A. Kotsakis,Parvaiz A Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Kristopher J Krohn,Hans Krueger,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,Burcu Kucuk Bicer,Chanda Kulkarni,G Anil Kumar,Janet L Leasher,Alexander Lee,Mall Leinsalu,Tong Li,Shai Linn,Patrick Liu,Shiwei Liu,Loon-Tzian Lo,Alan D. Lopez,Stefan Ma,Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Wondimu Ayele Manamo,Jose Martinez-Raga,Alemayehu B. Mekonnen,Walter Mendoza,Ted R. Miller,Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad,Lidia Morawska,Kamarul Imran Musa,Gabriele Nagel,Sudan Prasad Neupane,Quyen Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,In-Hwan Oh,Abayomi Samuel Oyekale,Padukudru Anand Mahesh,Adrian Pana,Eun-Kee Park,Snehal Patil,George C Patton,João Mário Pedro,Mostafa Qorbani,Anwar Rafay,Mahfuzar Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Usha Ram,Chhabi Lal Ranabhat,Amany H. Refaat,Nickolas Reinig,Hirbo Shore Roba,Alina Rodriguez,Yesenia Roman,Gregory A. Roth,Ambuj Roy,Rajesh Sagar,Joshua A. Salomon,Juan Sanabria,Itamar S. Santos,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Monika Sawhney,Susan M Sawyer,Mete Saylan,Michael Schaub,Neil W. Schluger,Aletta E. Schutte,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Berrin Serdar,Masood Ali Shaikh,Jun She,Min-Jeong Shin,Rahman Shiri,Kawkab Shishani,Ivy Shiue,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Jonathan I. Silverberg,Jasvinder A. Singh,Virendra Singh,Erica Leigh Slepak,Samir Soneji,Joan B. Soriano,Sergey Soshnikov,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Dan J. Stein,Saverio Stranges,Michelle L Subart,Soumya Swaminathan,Cassandra Szoeke,Worku Tefera,Roman Topor-Madry,Bach Xuan Tran,Nikolaos Tsilimparis,Hayley D. Tymeson,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Rachel L Updike,Olalekan A. Uthman,Francesco Saverio Violante,Sergey K Vladimirov,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Elisabete Weiderpass,Chi-Pan Wen,Andrea Werdecker,Shelley Wilson,Mamo Wubshet,Lin Xiao,Bereket Yakob,Yuichiro Yano,Penpeng Ye,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Mustafa Z. Younis,Chuanhua Yu,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Anthony Lin Zhang,Ben Zipkin,Christopher J L Murray,Mohammad H. Forouzanfar,Emmanuela Gakidou +233 more
TL;DR: The pace of progress in reducing smoking prevalence has been heterogeneous across geographies, development status, and sex, and as highlighted by more recent trends, maintaining past rates of decline should not be taken for granted, especially in women and in low- SDI to middle-SDI countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Manufacturing Epidemics: The Role of Global Producers in Increased Consumption of Unhealthy Commodities Including Processed Foods, Alcohol, and Tobacco
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the findings of their Cancer Commission and their recommendations to encourage Latin American stakeholders to redouble their efforts to address this increasing cancer burden and to prevent it from worsening and threatening their societies.
References
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Book
The Tobacco Atlas
Judith Mackay,Michael P. Eriksen +1 more
TL;DR: The latest edition of this groundbreaking atlas gives shape and meaning to statistics about tobacco use and control, revealing similarities and differences between countries, and exposing the behaviour of the tobacco companies.
Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking
Michael C. R. Alavanja,John A. Baron,Ross C. Brownson,Patricia A. Buffler,David M. DeMarini,Mirjana V. Djordjevic,Richard Doll,Elizabeth T. H. Fontham,Yu-Tang Gao,Nigel Gray,Prakash C. Gupta,A. K. Hackshaw,Stephen S. Hecht,Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen,Elena Matos,Richard Peto,David H. Phillips,Jonathan M. Samet,Gary D. Stoner,Michael J. Thun,Jean Trédaniel,Paolo Vineis,H.-Erich Wichmann,Anna H. Wu,David Zaridze +24 more