Journal ArticleDOI
Progress toward understanding the ecological impacts of nonnative species
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19 testable hypotheses that explain temporal and spatial variation in impact are identified and reviewed and highlight the importance of the functional ecology of the nonnative species and the structure, diversity, and evolutionary experience of the recipient community as general determinants of impact.Abstract:
A predictive understanding of the ecological impacts of nonnative species has been slow to develop, owing largely to an apparent dearth of clearly defined hypotheses and the lack of a broad theoretical framework. The context dependency of impact has fueled the perception that meaningful generalizations are nonexistent. Here, we identified and reviewed 19 testable hypotheses that explain temporal and spatial variation in impact. Despite poor validation of most hypotheses to date, evidence suggests that each can explain at least some impacts in some situations. Several hypotheses are broad in scope (applying to plants and animals in virtually all contexts) and some of them, intriguingly, link processes of colonization and impact. Collectively, these hypotheses highlight the importance of the functional ecology of the nonnative species and the structure, diversity, and evolutionary experience of the recipient community as general determinants of impact; thus, they could provide the foundation for a theoretical framework for understanding and predicting impact. Further substantive progress toward this goal requires explicit consideration of within-taxon and across-taxa variation in the per capita effect of invaders, and analyses of complex interactions between invaders and their biotic and abiotic environments.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
Arnold B. Erickson,Charles Elton +1 more
TL;DR: Elton's "The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants" as mentioned in this paper is one of the most cited books on invasion biology, and it provides an accessible, engaging introduction to the most important environmental crises of our time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global ecological impacts of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems
TL;DR: The synthesis suggests a strong negative influence of invasive species on the abundance of aquatic communities, particularly macrophytes, zooplankton and fish, and proposes a framework of positive and negative links between invasive species at four trophic positions and the five different components of recipient communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientists' warning on invasive alien species.
Petr Pyšek,Petr Pyšek,Petr Pyšek,Philip E. Hulme,Daniel Simberloff,Sven Bacher,Tim M. Blackburn,Tim M. Blackburn,Tim M. Blackburn,James T. Carlton,Wayne Dawson,Franz Essl,Franz Essl,Llewellyn C. Foxcroft,Llewellyn C. Foxcroft,Piero Genovesi,Piero Genovesi,Jonathan M. Jeschke,Jonathan M. Jeschke,Ingolf Kühn,Ingolf Kühn,Andrew M. Liebhold,Andrew M. Liebhold,Nicholas E. Mandrak,Laura A. Meyerson,Aníbal Pauchard,Jan Pergl,Helen E. Roy,Hanno Seebens,Mark van Kleunen,Mark van Kleunen,Montserrat Vilà,Montserrat Vilà,Michael J. Wingfield,David M. Richardson +34 more
TL;DR: Improved international cooperation is crucial to reduce the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, as synergies with other global changes are exacerbating current invasions and facilitating new ones, thereby escalating the extent and impacts of invaders.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts
Tim M. Blackburn,Franz Essl,Thomas Evans,Philip E. Hulme,Jonathan M. Jeschke,Ingolf Kühn,Sabrina Kumschick,Zuzana Marková,Agata Mrugała,Wolfgang Nentwig,Jan Pergl,Petr Pyšek,Wolfgang Rabitsch,Anthony Ricciardi,David M. Richardson,Agnieszka Sendek,Montserrat Vilà,John R. U. Wilson,Marten Winter,Piero Genovesi,Sven Bacher +20 more
TL;DR: A method for categorising and comparing alien or invasive species in terms of how damaging they are to the environment, that can be applied across all taxa, scales, and impact metrics is presented.
A proposed unified framework for biological invasions.
Tim M. Blackburn,Petr Pyšek,Sven Bacher,James T. Carlton,Richard P. Duncan,Jarošík,J.R.U. Wilson,David M. Richardson +7 more
TL;DR: This article proposed a unified framework for biological invasions that reconciles and integrates the key features of the most commonly used invasion frameworks into a single conceptual model that can be applied to all human-mediated invasions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A framework to study the context-dependent impacts of marine invasions
TL;DR: A broad impact framework is applied to test if general drivers of impacts can be identified and quantified from marine invasion experiments, and advocates that universal and unique impact-components, whenever possible, are treated as separate test entities that should be examined for each of the four impact drivers.
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Impact assessment revisited: improving the theoretical basis for management of invasive alien species
TL;DR: A habitat-sensitive formula for regional impact assessment that is unaffected by non-linearity is proposed and some statistical suggestions on how to assess invader effects properly are made and the quantification of the invaded range is discussed.
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Effects of native species diversity and resource additions on invader impact.
John L. Maron,Marilyn Marler +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that diversity inhibits invasion and reduces impact more than resource additions facilitate invasion or impact.
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Functional diversity of mammalian predators and extinction in island birds
TL;DR: The results suggest a unique impact of each introduced mammal species on native bird populations, as opposed to a situation where predators exhibit functional redundancy, suggesting the possibility of “invasional meltdown.”
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Ecosystem Engineers: Feedback and Population Dynamics
TL;DR: The goal of this analysis is to identify those conditions in which engineering leads to population dynamics that are qualitatively different than one would predict using models that incorporate only biotic interactions.