Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid evolution of RNA genomes
John J. Holland,Katherine R. Spindler,Katherine R. Spindler,Frank M. Horodyski,Elizabeth A. Grabau,Stuart T. Nichol,Scott VandePol +6 more
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TLDR
RNA viruses show high mutation frequencies partly because of a lack of the proofreading enzymes that assure fidelity of DNA replication, and high rates of replication reflected in rates of RNA genome evolution which can be more than a millionfold greater than the rates of the DNA chromosome evolution of their hosts.Abstract:
RNA viruses show high mutation frequencies partly because of a lack of the proofreading enzymes that assure fidelity of DNA replication. This high mutation frequency is coupled with high rates of replication reflected in rates of RNA genome evolution which can be more than a millionfold greater than the rates of the DNA chromosome evolution of their hosts. There are some disease implications for the DNA-based biosphere of this rapidly evolving RNA biosphere.read more
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Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses.
TL;DR: Wild aquatic bird populations have long been considered the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses with virus transmission from these birds seeding other avian and mammalian hosts, but recent studies in bats have suggested other reservoir species may also exist.
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The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication, and evolution.
TL;DR: This article corrects the article on p. 496 in vol.
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RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival
Esteban Domingo,John J. Holland +1 more
TL;DR: E Epidemiological as well as functional and structural studies suggest that RNA viruses can tolerate restricted types and numbers of mutations during any specific time point during their evolution, which may open new avenues for combating viral infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution and Taxonomy of Positive-Strand RNA Viruses: Implications of Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Sequences
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that all positive-strand RNA viruses and some related double-stranded RNA viruses could have evolved from a common ancestor virus that contained genes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a chymotrypsin-related protease that also functioned as the capsid protein, and possibly an RNA helicase.
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Mutation rates among RNA viruses
John W. Drake,John J. Holland +1 more
TL;DR: This work describes a simple relation between ribovirus mutation frequencies and mutation rates, applies it to the best (albeit far from satisfactory) available data, and observes a central value for the mutation rate per genome per replication of micro(g) approximately 0.76.
References
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A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences.
TL;DR: Some examples were worked out using reported globin sequences to show that synonymous substitutions occur at much higher rates than amino acid-altering substitutions in evolution.
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Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level
TL;DR: Calculating the rate of evolution in terms of nucleotide substitutions seems to give a value so high that many of the mutations involved must be neutral ones.
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Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution.
TL;DR: The haemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus is a trimer comprising two structurally distinct regions: a triple-stranded coiled-coil of α-helices extends 76 Å from the membrane and a globular region of antiparallel β-sheet is positioned on top of this stem.
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Structural identification of the antibody-binding sites of Hong Kong influenza haemagglutinin and their involvement in antigenic variation
TL;DR: Four ‘antigenic sites’ on the three-dimensional structure of the influenza haemagglutinin are identified and at least one amino acid substitution in each site seems to be required for the production of new epidemic strains between 1968 and 1975.
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Defective Viral Particles and Viral Disease Processes
Alice S. Huang,David Baltimore +1 more
TL;DR: Preparations of many different types of viruses contain defective particles which consist of viral structural proteins and a part of the viral genome and may play a major part in the evolution of viral diseases.