Journal ArticleDOI
Red cell sorbitol: an indicator of diabetic control.
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TLDR
Erythrocyte sorbitol levels in insulin-dependent diabetics are clearly above those of nondiabetics after an 8 h fast, and a good correlation exists between red cell Sorbitol content and coincident plasma glucose concentrations.Abstract:Â
Intact human erythrocytes accumulate intracellular sorbitol in response to the medium's glucose concentration during in vitro incubations. Sorbitol was identified and measured both enzymatically and by gas-liquid chromatography. The sorbitol produced is most likely a result of the activity of aldose reductase, since (1) a low glucose concentration in the medium elicits this response, and (2) this activity is completely blocked by tetramethylene glutaric acid, a specific inhibitor of aldose reductase. Erythrocyte sorbitol levels in insulin-dependent diabetics are clearly above those of nondiabetics after an 8 h fast. A good correlation exists between red cell sorbitol content and coincident plasma glucose concentrations. Individual exceptions to this rule exist, however, and suggest that red cell sorbitol levels may provide information about in vivo polyol pathway activity that may be important in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated complications.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications.
TL;DR: Recent evidence suggests ROS are also important as second messengers in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways and, ultimately, gene expression in diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the mechanism for the chronic activation of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C pathway in diabetes and hypergalactosemia.
TL;DR: Findings have clearly demonstrated a possible common biochemical mechanism by which hyperglycemia and hypergalactosemia can chronically activate the DAG-PKC pathway in the vasculature and could be a possible explanation for the development of diabetic vascular complications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hyperglycemia can cause membrane lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility in human red blood cells.
TL;DR: Elevated glucose levels can cause the peroxidation of membrane lipids in human RBC, and a significant positive correlation was observed between the extent of glucose-induced membrane lipid per oxidation and the osmotic fragility of treated RBC.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Role for the Polyol Pathway in the Early Neuroretinal Apoptosis and Glial Changes Induced by Diabetes in the Rat
TL;DR: It is suggested that activation of the pathway and "retinal neuropathy" require severe hyperglycemia and/or high activity of aldose reductase, and these findings have implications for how to evaluate the role of the polyol pathway in diabetic retinopathy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of Rat and Human Retinas Predict a Role for the Polyol Pathway in Human Diabetic Retinopathy
TL;DR: An inhibitor of aldose reductase prevented the early activation of complement in the wall of retinal vessels and the decreased levels of complement inhibitors in diabetic rats, as well as the later apoptosis of vascular pericytes and endothelial cells and the development of acellular capillaries.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hyperglycemia, polyol metabolism, and complications of diabetes mellitus.
TL;DR: This brief review of the sorbitol pathway has attempted to present the current knowledge of this accessory pathway of glucose metabolism in the development of some diabetic complications, and the lack of knowledge of the normal role of this pathway in tissue metabolism is hampered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polyol Pathway in Aorta: Regulation by Hormones
TL;DR: Aldose reductase is present in human and rabbit aortas and provides a mechanism whereby hyper-glycemia can alter the metabolism of the arterial wall.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glucose utilization by the polyol pathway in human erythrocytes
TL;DR: Sorbitol is present in human erythrocytes in concentrations exceeding that in plasma, and is linearly related to the plasma glucose concentration, and appears to be a physiological substrate for alditol:NADP oxidoreductase in the ERYthrocyte.
Book ChapterDOI
Role of sorbitol pathway in neuropathy.
TL;DR: This chapter describes a study involving a sample of rats and finds evidence for a role of sugar alcohol in causing neuropathy, as evidenced by a mean blood glucose value of 59 mg% in the surviving group.
Journal Article
A biochemical evaluation of a cataract induced in a high-glucose medium.
Leo T. Chylack,Jin H. Kinoshita +1 more
TL;DR: The addition of TMG to the high-glucose medium practically abolishes sorbitol accumulation; it depresses lens swelling, preserves normal cation balance, and maintains lens clarity and transparency for eight days, which suggests that all of the aforementioned changes are interrelated and also emphasizes the primary role played by aldose reductase in the initiation of the entire sequence of cataractous change.