Journal ArticleDOI
Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated dioxins by an anaerobic bacterium
Michael Bunge,Lorenz Adrian,A. Kraus,Matthias Opel,Wilhelm Lorenz,Jan R. Andreesen,Helmut Görisch,Ute Lechner +7 more
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TLDR
Reductive dechlorination of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD) demonstrates that environmentally significant dioxins are attacked by this bacterium, and the previously described chlorobenzene-dehalorespiring bacterium Dehalococcoides sp.Abstract:
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs) are among the most notorious environmental pollutants. Some congeners, particularly those with lateral chlorine substitutions at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8, are extremely toxic and carcinogenic to humans. One particularly promising mechanism for the detoxification of PCDDs and PCDFs is microbial reductive dechlorination. So far only a limited number of phylogenetically diverse anaerobic bacteria have been found that couple the reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated compounds--the substitution of a chlorine for a hydrogen atom--to energy conservation and growth in a process called dehalorespiration. Microbial dechlorination of PCDDs occurs in sediments and anaerobic mixed cultures from sediments, but the responsible organisms have not yet been identified or isolated. Here we show the presence of a Dehalococcoides species in four dioxin-dechlorinating enrichment cultures from a freshwater sediment highly contaminated with PCDDs and PCDFs. We also show that the previously described chlorobenzene-dehalorespiring bacterium Dehalococcoides sp. strain CBDB1 (ref. 3) is able to reductively dechlorinate selected dioxin congeners. Reductive dechlorination of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD) demonstrates that environmentally significant dioxins are attacked by this bacterium.read more
Citations
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Bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds
TL;DR: This review focuses on bacterial degradation pathways of selected aromatic compounds and describes proteomics and metabolomics as powerful tools for elucidation of biodegradation mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cleaning up with genomics: applying molecular biology to bioremediation
TL;DR: Researchers now have the ability to culture microorganisms that are important in bioremediation and can evaluate their physiology using a combination of genome-enabled experimental and modelling techniques, and new environmental genomic techniques offer the possibility for similar studies on as-yet-uncultured organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detoxification of vinyl chloride to ethene coupled to growth of an anaerobic bacterium.
TL;DR: An unusual, strictly anaerobic bacterium is described that destroys dichloroethenes and vinyl chloride as part of its energy metabolism, generating environmentally benign products (biomass, ethene and inorganic chloride).
Journal ArticleDOI
Review: In situ and bioremediation of organic pollutants in aquatic sediments
TL;DR: This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of traditional sediment remediation techniques in use, such as dredging, capping and monitored natural attenuation, and describes new approaches with emphasis on bioremediation, like biostimulation, bioaugmentation and phytoremediations applied to sediments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anaerobic microbial dehalogenation.
Hauke Smidt,Willem M. de Vos +1 more
TL;DR: This contribution provides an update on the current knowledge on metabolic and phylogenetic diversity of anaerobic microorganisms that are capable of dehalogenating--or completely mineralizing--halogenated hydrocarbons by fermentative, oxidative, or reductive pathways.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of a Bacterium That Reductively Dechlorinates Tetrachloroethene to Ethene
TL;DR: Growth of strain 195 was resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin; its cell wall did not react with a peptidoglycan-specific lectin and its ultrastructure resembled S-layers of Archaea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent-contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the terminal step of hydrocarbon degradation in the methanogenic zone of the aquifer is aceticlastic methanogenesis and that the microorganisms represented by these two sequence types occur in syntrophic association.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial phylogeny based on comparative sequence analysis.
Wolfgang Ludwig,Oliver Strunk,Sabine Klugbauer,Norbert Klugbauer,M. Weizenegger,Judith Neumaier,Marianne Bachleitner,Karl-Heinz Schleifer +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that only careful data analysis starting with a proper alignment, followed by the analysis of positional variability, rates and character of change, testing various data selections, applying alternative treeing methods and, finally, performing confidence tests, allows reasonable utilization of the limited phylogenetic information.
Book
Encyclopedia of environmental analysis and remediation
TL;DR: The Encyclopedia of Environmental Analysis and Remediation (EEAR) as mentioned in this paper provides an in-depth examination of the environmental analysis and remediation fields in a single eight-volume reference source.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Analysis of Dehalococcoides 16S Ribosomal DNA from Chloroethene-Contaminated Sites throughout North America and Europe
Edwin R. Hendrickson,Jo Ann Payne,Roslyn M. Young,Mark G. Starr,Michael P. Perry,Stephen R. Fahnestock,David E. Ellis,Richard C. Ebersole +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that members of the Dehalococcoides group are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a variety of geological formations and in different climatic zones and the association of these organisms with full dechlorination of chloroethenes suggests that they are promising candidates for engineered bioremediation and may be important contributors to natural attenuation of chlorine.
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Rekha Seshadri,Lorenz Adrian,Derrick E. Fouts,Jonathan A. Eisen,Adam M. Phillippy,Barbara A. Methé,Naomi L. Ward,William C. Nelson,Robert T. DeBoy,Hoda Khouri,James F. Kolonay,Robert J. Dodson,Sean C. Daugherty,Lauren M. Brinkac,Steven A. Sullivan,Ramana Madupu,Karen E. Nelson,Katherine H. Kang,Marjorie Impraim,Kevin Tran,Jeffrey M. Robinson,Heather Forberger,Claire M. Fraser,Stephen H. Zinder,John F. Heidelberg +24 more