Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism Relationship: When One Into One Equals Oneness
TLDR
It is suggested that the conditions that lead to empathic concern also lead to a greater sense of self-other overlap, raising the possibility that helping under these conditions is not selfless but is also directed toward the self.Abstract:
Important features of the self-concept can be located outside of the individual and inside close or related others. The authors use this insight to reinterpret data previously said to support the empathy-altruism model of helping, which asserts that empathic concern for another results in selflessness and true altruism. That is, they argue that the conditions that lead to empathic concern also lead to a greater sense of self-other overlap, raising the possibility that helping under these conditions is not selfless but is also directed toward the self. In 3 studies, the impact of empathic concern on willingness to help was eliminated when oneness--a measure of perceived self-other overlap--was considered. Path analyses revealed further that empathic concern increased helping only through its relation to perceived oneness, thereby throwing the empathy-altruism model into question. The authors suggest that empathic concern affects helping primarily as an emotional signal of oneness.read more
Citations
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The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction.
Tanya L. Chartrand,John A. Bargh +1 more
TL;DR: The authors suggest that the mechanism involved is the perception-behavior link, the recently documented finding that the mere perception of another's behavior automatically increases the likelihood of engaging in that behavior oneself.
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Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases.
TL;DR: The Perception-Action Model (PAM), together with an understanding of how representations change with experience, can explain the major empirical effects in the literature and can also predict a variety of empathy disorders.
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The functional architecture of human empathy
Jean Decety,Philip L. Jackson +1 more
TL;DR: A model of empathy that involves parallel and distributed processing in a number of dissociable computational mechanisms is proposed and may be used to make specific predictions about the various empathy deficits that can be encountered in different forms of social and neurological disorders.
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Emotion, regulation, and moral development.
TL;DR: The role of nonmoral emotions (e.g. anger and sadness), including moods and dispositional differences in negative emotionality and its regulation, in morally relevant behavior, is reviewed.
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The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals’ feeling in community with nature ☆
TL;DR: The connectedness to nature scale (CNS) as mentioned in this paper is a new measure of individuals' trait levels of feeling emotionally connected to the natural world, which has good psychometric properties, correlates with related variables, and is uncorrelated with potential confounds (verbal ability, social desirability).
References
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