Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism Relationship: When One Into One Equals Oneness
TLDR
It is suggested that the conditions that lead to empathic concern also lead to a greater sense of self-other overlap, raising the possibility that helping under these conditions is not selfless but is also directed toward the self.Abstract:
Important features of the self-concept can be located outside of the individual and inside close or related others. The authors use this insight to reinterpret data previously said to support the empathy-altruism model of helping, which asserts that empathic concern for another results in selflessness and true altruism. That is, they argue that the conditions that lead to empathic concern also lead to a greater sense of self-other overlap, raising the possibility that helping under these conditions is not selfless but is also directed toward the self. In 3 studies, the impact of empathic concern on willingness to help was eliminated when oneness--a measure of perceived self-other overlap--was considered. Path analyses revealed further that empathic concern increased helping only through its relation to perceived oneness, thereby throwing the empathy-altruism model into question. The authors suggest that empathic concern affects helping primarily as an emotional signal of oneness.read more
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Attachment theory and reactions to others' needs:' evidence that activation of the sense of attachment security promotes empathic responses.
TL;DR: The authors examined the effects of chronic and contextual activation of attachment security on reactions to others' needs and found that attachment-security priming strengthened empathic reactions and inhibited personal distress, and self-reports of attachment anxiety and avoidance were inversely related to empathy, and attachment anxiety was positively related to personal distress.
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The Scrooge Effect: Evidence that Mortality Salience Increases Prosocial Attitudes and Behavior
TL;DR: The authors found that following mortality saliency, people gave more money to a charity supporting an American cause than people who had been exposed to an aversive control topic, however, mortality salience had no effect on the amount of money given to a foreign cause.
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Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game.
TL;DR: The results provide first evidence for the positive impact of short-term compassion training on prosocial behavior towards strangers in a training-unrelated task.
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Multinationals and Corporate Social Responsibility in Host Countries: Does Distance Matter?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that despite the potential motivation, foreign affiliates from more distant home countries are in fact less likely to engage in host country CSR, and also predict that host-country CSR reputation negatively moderates this relationship.
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Depletion Makes the Heart Grow Less Helpful: Helping as a Function of Self-Regulatory Energy and Genetic Relatedness
TL;DR: Helping requires self-regulatory energy to manage conflict between selfish and prosocial motivations—a metabolically expensive process—and thus depleted energy reduces helping and increased energy (glucose) increases helping.
References
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