Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism Relationship: When One Into One Equals Oneness
TLDR
It is suggested that the conditions that lead to empathic concern also lead to a greater sense of self-other overlap, raising the possibility that helping under these conditions is not selfless but is also directed toward the self.Abstract:
Important features of the self-concept can be located outside of the individual and inside close or related others. The authors use this insight to reinterpret data previously said to support the empathy-altruism model of helping, which asserts that empathic concern for another results in selflessness and true altruism. That is, they argue that the conditions that lead to empathic concern also lead to a greater sense of self-other overlap, raising the possibility that helping under these conditions is not selfless but is also directed toward the self. In 3 studies, the impact of empathic concern on willingness to help was eliminated when oneness--a measure of perceived self-other overlap--was considered. Path analyses revealed further that empathic concern increased helping only through its relation to perceived oneness, thereby throwing the empathy-altruism model into question. The authors suggest that empathic concern affects helping primarily as an emotional signal of oneness.read more
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Perspective and Prejudice: Antecedents and Mediating Mechanisms
John F. Dovidio,Marleen ten Vergert,Tracie L. Stewart,Samuel L. Gaertner,James D. Johnson,Victoria M. Esses,Blake M. Riek,Adam R. Pearson +7 more
TL;DR: Investigating mechanisms by which Whites’ prejudice toward Blacks can be reduced and exploring how creating a common ingroup identity can reduce prejudice by promoting these processes found reductions in prejudice were mediated primarily by feelings associated with perceived injustice.
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Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients’ understandings, experiences, and preferences
Shane Sinclair,Kate Beamer,Thomas F. Hack,Susan McClement,Shelley Raffin Bouchal,Harvey Max Chochinov,Neil A. Hagen +6 more
TL;DR: Although sympathy, empathy, and compassion are used interchangeably and frequently conflated in healthcare literature, patients distinguish and experience them uniquely and can guide practice, policy reform, and future research.
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Experiencing Nature: Embodying Animals in Immersive Virtual Environments Increases Inclusion of Nature in Self and Involvement With Nature
Sun Joo Ahn,Joshua Bostick,Elise Ogle,Kristine L. Nowak,Kara T. McGillicuddy,Jeremy N. Bailenson +5 more
TL;DR: Embodying sensory-rich experiences of animals in IVEs led to greater feeling of embodiment, perception of being present in the virtual world, and interconnection between the self and nature compared to video.
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When you and I are "we," you are not threatening: the role of self-expansion in social comparison.
TL;DR: The current research explored interdependent self-construal as a moderator of effects of social comparison in dyadic and group situations and demonstrated that when the target for comparison is construed as part of the self, his or her successes become cause for celebration rather than costs to esteem.
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Aid in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: Inferences of Secondary Emotions and Intergroup Helping
TL;DR: The authors examined inferences about the emotional states of ingroup and outgroup victims after a natural disaster, and whether these inferences predict intergroup helping, and found that the inferences predicted intergroup cooperation.
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