Journal ArticleDOI
Residue characteristics of sludge from a chemical industrial plant by microwave heating pyrolysis.
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Major elements, trace elements, PAHs and nitro-PAHs in raw sludge, and pyrolysis residues were investigated and results indicated that these elements did not easily volatilize.Abstract:
Sludge from biological wastewater treatment procedures was treated using microwave heating pyrolysis to reduce the environmental impact of a chemical plant. In this study, major elements, trace elements, PAHs and nitro-PAHs in raw sludge, and pyrolysis residues were investigated. The contents of major element from raw sludge were carbon 46.7 ± 5.9%, hydrogen 5.80 ± 0.58%, nitrogen 6.81 ± 0.59%, and sulfur 1.34 ± 0.27%. Trace elemental concentrations including Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, As, and Sn were 0.410 ± 0.050, 0.338 ± 0.008, 0.063 ± 0.006, 0.019 ± 0.001, 0.004 ± 0.001, and 0.003 ± 0.002 mg/g, respectively. For various pyrolysis temperatures, Ca, Fe, Sr, Cr, and Sn contents remained at almost the same level as those in raw sludge. Results indicated that these elements did not easily volatilize. The content of 16 PAH species was about 4.78 μg/g in the raw sludge and 23-65 μg/g for pyrolysis residues associated with various temperatures. The content of ten nitro-PAHs was about 58 ng/g for the raw sludge and 141-744 ng/g for pyrolysis residues. The total nitro-PAH content was highest at 600 °C and then decreased when the temperature was over 600 °C. Total nitro-PAH content was about 247 ng/g at 800 °C.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Insights into the speciation of heavy metals during pyrolysis of industrial sludge.
Chanaka Udayanga W. D.,Andrei Veksha,Apostolos Giannis,Yen Nan Liang,Grzegorz Lisak,Xiao Hu,Teik-Thye Lim +6 more
TL;DR: Advanced analytical characterisation of the derived char and anion concentrations in the leachate have demonstrated that the increase in metal leaching was probably due to the formation of metal halides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting the higher heating value of syngas pyrolyzed from sewage sludge using an artificial neural network
TL;DR: The model developed in this work may be used to predict the HHV of syngas using conventional operational parameters measured from in situ experiments, thus further providing predictive information for the use of Syngas as energy and fuel.
Book ChapterDOI
Potential Toxic Compounds in Biochar: Knowledge Gaps Between Biochar Research and Safety
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview on the research advances in the field of inherent pollutants within biochar, which is useful for promoting development of biochar guidelines or standards to ensure its safety application is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Roles of calcium oxide on the evolution of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons released from sewage sludge pyrolysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the roles of calcium oxide on the release of these compounds, especially the heavy ones containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms were investigated, and it was found that calcium oxide could catalyze or react with all three components to decrease the content of light substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental risk assessment in livestock manure derived biochars
Andong Wang,Dongsheng Zou,Liqing Zhang,Xinyi Zeng,Hua Wang,Longcheng Li,Fen Liu,Bo Ren,Zhihua Xiao +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantitatively assessed the pollution level and ecological risks associated with heavy metals in livestock manure and the biochar produced by its pyrolysis and showed that heavy metals were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing pyroplysis temperature.
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Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Ian C.T. Nisbet,Peter K. LaGoy +1 more
TL;DR: This paper evaluates several approaches to allow the relative potency of the different PAHs to be considered in a site-specific risk assessment and presents a modified version that it feels more accurately reflects the state of knowledge on the Relative potency of these compounds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass
TL;DR: In this article, a review of thermal conversion processes and particularly the reactors that have been developed to provide the necessary conditions to optimise performance is presented, and the main technical and non-technical barriers to implementation are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review
TL;DR: Although primary and secondary recycling schemes are well established and widely applied, it is concluded that many of the PSW tertiary and quaternary treatment schemes appear to be robust and worthy of additional investigation.