Rotors and the Dynamics of Cardiac Fibrillation
Sandeep V. Pandit,José Jalife +1 more
TLDR
Examination of recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation is examined.Abstract:
The objective of this article is to present a broad review of the role of cardiac electric rotors and their accompanying spiral waves in the mechanism of cardiac fibrillation. At the outset, we present a brief historical overview regarding reentry and then discuss the basic concepts and terminologies pertaining to rotors and their initiation. Thereafter, the intrinsic properties of rotors and spiral waves, including phase singularities, wavefront curvature, and dominant frequency maps, are discussed. The implications of rotor dynamics for the spatiotemporal organization of fibrillation, independent of the species being studied, are described next. The knowledge gained regarding the role of cardiac structure in the initiation or maintenance of rotors and the ionic bases of spiral waves in the past 2 decades, as well as the significance for drug therapy, is reviewed subsequently. We conclude by examining recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation.read more
Citations
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Role of Apamin-Sensitive Calcium-Activated Small-Conductance Potassium Currents on the Mechanisms of Ventricular Fibrillation in Pacing-Induced Failing Rabbit Hearts
Dechun Yin,Dechun Yin,Yu Cheng Hsieh,Wei-Chung Tsai,Adonis Z. Wu,Zhaolei Jiang,Yi Hsin Chan,Dongzhu Xu,Na Yang,Na Yang,Changyu Shen,Zhenhui Chen,Shien-Fong Lin,Peng Sheng Chen,Thomas H. Everett +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a stable reentrant spiral wave (rotor) is characterized by stable reenterrant spiral waves (rotors) and Apamin-sensitive small-conductance calcium-activated potassium currents (IK...
Challenges Associated with Interpreting Mechanisms of AF
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review different complex arrhythmogenesis mechanisms, including anatomical and functional re-entry, hierarchical drivers and anarchical multiple wavelets, and describe different cardiac mapping techniques and analysis tools, including activation mapping, phase mapping and fibrosis identification.
Book ChapterDOI
Optogenetics for cardiac pacing, resynchronization, and arrhythmia termination
Antoine A.F. de Vries,Udi Nussinovitch,Udi Nussinovitch,Philipp Sasse,Tobias Brügmann,Tobias Brügmann,E.C.A. Nyns,Daniël A. Pijnappels +7 more
TL;DR: Following a general introduction to optotools and gene transfer to the heart, these applications of optogenetics will be discussed in this chapter from mechanistic and translational points of view and a critical assessment of its clinical perspective is outlined.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
An algorithm for rotor tracking in atrial fibrillation using graph search-based periodic peak detection
TL;DR: The proposed method for identifying rotors from circular catheter recordings of bipolar intracardiac electrograms (EGM) during AF is shown to perform with high accuracy and serve to guide rotor ablation in patients with AF.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elimination Of Triggers Without An Additional Substrate Modification Is Not Sufficient In Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.
Junbeom Park,Hui Nam Pak +1 more
TL;DR: More understanding about AF pathophysiology and early precise intervention may improve clinical outcome of AF management and operators should generate most efficient substrate modification to achieve better long-term clinical outcome.
References
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Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins
Michel Haïssaguerre,Pierre Jaïs,D. C. Shah,Atsushi Takahashi,Mélèze Hocini,G Quiniou,S. Garrigue,A Le Mouroux,P Le Métayer,Jacques Clementy +9 more
TL;DR: The pulmonary veins are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and these foci respond to treatment with radio-frequency ablation.
Book
Cardiac Electrophysiology : From Cell to Bedside
Douglas P. Zipes,José Jalife +1 more
TL;DR: Part I - Molecular Bases Of Ion Channel Activity PART II - Biophysics and Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channels PART III - Pharmacology of Card cardiac Ion Ch channels PART IV - Cellular Electrophysiology PART V - Models of Cardiopulmonary Excitation PART VI - Neural Control ofCardiac Electrical Activity
Journal ArticleDOI
Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force.
Donald M. Bers,Yujie Zhu +1 more
TL;DR: The major cellular structures involved in E-C coupling include myofilaments, Na/Ca exchange and the sarcolemmal Ca-pump as mentioned in this paper, as well as the sources and sinks of activator calcium.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes.
Ching-Hsing Luo,Yoram Rudy +1 more
TL;DR: The model provides the basis for the study of arrhythmogenic activity of the single myocyte including afterdepolarizations and triggered activity and can simulate cellular responses under different degrees of Ca2+ overload.
Journal ArticleDOI
A model of the ventricular cardiac action potential. Depolarization, repolarization, and their interaction.
Ching-Hsing Luo,Yoram Rudy +1 more
TL;DR: Simulation of the membrane action potential of the mammalian ventricular cell shows the importance of the slow recovery of INa in determining the response of the cell and relates these phenomena to the underlying ionic channel kinetics.