Rotors and the Dynamics of Cardiac Fibrillation
Sandeep V. Pandit,José Jalife +1 more
TLDR
Examination of recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation is examined.Abstract:
The objective of this article is to present a broad review of the role of cardiac electric rotors and their accompanying spiral waves in the mechanism of cardiac fibrillation. At the outset, we present a brief historical overview regarding reentry and then discuss the basic concepts and terminologies pertaining to rotors and their initiation. Thereafter, the intrinsic properties of rotors and spiral waves, including phase singularities, wavefront curvature, and dominant frequency maps, are discussed. The implications of rotor dynamics for the spatiotemporal organization of fibrillation, independent of the species being studied, are described next. The knowledge gained regarding the role of cardiac structure in the initiation or maintenance of rotors and the ionic bases of spiral waves in the past 2 decades, as well as the significance for drug therapy, is reviewed subsequently. We conclude by examining recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation.read more
Citations
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Improving the Spatial Solution of Electrocardiographic Imaging: A New Regularization Parameter Choice Technique for the Tikhonov Method
Judit Chamorro-Servent,Judit Chamorro-Servent,Rémi Dubois,Mark Potse,Mark Potse,Yves Coudière,Yves Coudière +6 more
TL;DR: Two new methods to choose the regularization parameter for ECGI with the Tikhonov method are proposed: a new automatic technique based on the DPC, which is named ADPC, and the U-curve method, introduced in other fields for cases where the well-known L-Curve method fails or provides an over-regularized solution.
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Myocyte Remodeling Due to Fibro-Fatty Infiltrations Influences Arrhythmogenicity
Tim De Coster,Tim De Coster,Piet Claus,Gunnar Seemann,Rik Willems,Karin R. Sipido,Alexander V. Panfilov,Alexander V. Panfilov,Alexander V. Panfilov +8 more
TL;DR: In a generic 2D setup, it is shown that adipose tissue remodeling substantially affects the spiral wave dynamics resulting in complex arrhythmia and such arrhythmias can be initiated under high frequency pacing if the size of the remodeled tissue is sufficiently large.
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Toward Mechanism-Directed Electrophenotype-Based Treatments for Atrial Fibrillation.
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed suggesting that the previous debates on AF being either an organized arrhythmia with a focal driver or a disorganized rhythm sustained by multiple wavelets, may prove to be a false dichotomy.
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The Major Role of IK1 in Mechanisms of Rotor Drift in the Atria: A Computational Study.
TL;DR: The authors' simulations suggest that IK1 heterogeneity is dominant in determining the drift direction through its impact on the excitability gradient and provide a novel framework for understanding the complex dynamics of rotors in AF.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of an automaton model of rotational activity driving atrial fibrillation
TL;DR: The presence of obstacles to conduction and spatial differences in refractory period are important parameters for initiating and maintaining rotational activity in this simulation of an atrial substrate.
References
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Book
Cardiac Electrophysiology : From Cell to Bedside
Douglas P. Zipes,José Jalife +1 more
TL;DR: Part I - Molecular Bases Of Ion Channel Activity PART II - Biophysics and Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channels PART III - Pharmacology of Card cardiac Ion Ch channels PART IV - Cellular Electrophysiology PART V - Models of Cardiopulmonary Excitation PART VI - Neural Control ofCardiac Electrical Activity
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force.
Donald M. Bers,Yujie Zhu +1 more
TL;DR: The major cellular structures involved in E-C coupling include myofilaments, Na/Ca exchange and the sarcolemmal Ca-pump as mentioned in this paper, as well as the sources and sinks of activator calcium.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes.
Ching-Hsing Luo,Yoram Rudy +1 more
TL;DR: The model provides the basis for the study of arrhythmogenic activity of the single myocyte including afterdepolarizations and triggered activity and can simulate cellular responses under different degrees of Ca2+ overload.
Journal ArticleDOI
A model of the ventricular cardiac action potential. Depolarization, repolarization, and their interaction.
Ching-Hsing Luo,Yoram Rudy +1 more
TL;DR: Simulation of the membrane action potential of the mammalian ventricular cell shows the importance of the slow recovery of INa in determining the response of the cell and relates these phenomena to the underlying ionic channel kinetics.