Rotors and the Dynamics of Cardiac Fibrillation
Sandeep V. Pandit,José Jalife +1 more
TLDR
Examination of recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation is examined.Abstract:
The objective of this article is to present a broad review of the role of cardiac electric rotors and their accompanying spiral waves in the mechanism of cardiac fibrillation. At the outset, we present a brief historical overview regarding reentry and then discuss the basic concepts and terminologies pertaining to rotors and their initiation. Thereafter, the intrinsic properties of rotors and spiral waves, including phase singularities, wavefront curvature, and dominant frequency maps, are discussed. The implications of rotor dynamics for the spatiotemporal organization of fibrillation, independent of the species being studied, are described next. The knowledge gained regarding the role of cardiac structure in the initiation or maintenance of rotors and the ionic bases of spiral waves in the past 2 decades, as well as the significance for drug therapy, is reviewed subsequently. We conclude by examining recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of Cardiac Fibrillation Using Phase Mapping
TL;DR: With the exciting prospect of using phase analysis of atrial electrograms to guide ablation in the human heart, this work highlights several recent developments in preprocessing electrogram so that phase can be estimated reliably.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validation of Dipole Density Mapping During Atrial Fibrillation and Sinus Rhythm in Human Left Atrium
Rui Shi,Paras Parikh,Zhong Chen,Nathan Angel,Mark Norman,Wajid Hussain,C Butcher,Shouvik Haldar,David G. Jones,Omar Riad,Vias Markides,Tom Wong +11 more
TL;DR: This novel noncontact dipole density mapping system provides comparable reconstructed atrial electrogram measurements in SR or AF in human left atrium when the anatomical site of interest is ≤40 mm from the mapping catheter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural basis of drugs that increase cardiac inward rectifier Kir2.1 currents
Ricardo Gómez,Ricardo Caballero,Adriana Barana,Irene Amorós,Sue-Haida De Palm,Marcos Matamoros,Mercedes Núñez,Marta Pérez-Hernández,Isabel Iriepa,Juan Tamargo,Eva Delpón +10 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that some drugs, besides flecainide, increase the inward rectifier current (IK1) generated by Kir2.1 homotetramers and thus, exhibit pro- and/or antiarrhythmic effects particularly at the ventricular level, and molecular modelling of the Kir 2.1-drugs interaction allowed identification of the pharmacophore of drugs that increase IKir2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rabbit-specific computational modelling of ventricular cell electrophysiology: Using populations of models to explore variability in the response to ischemia.
TL;DR: An original computational investigation of variability in the electrophysiological response of two experimentally-calibrated populations of rabbit-specific ventricular myocyte action potential models to acute ischemia revealed complex interactions between model population variability and ischemic factors, which combined to enhance variability during ischemIA.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Computer Simulation Study of Anatomy Induced Drift of Spiral Waves in the Human Atrium.
TL;DR: It is concluded that spatially altering atrial wall thickness is a significant cause of drift of spiral waves.
References
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Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins
Michel Haïssaguerre,Pierre Jaïs,D. C. Shah,Atsushi Takahashi,Mélèze Hocini,G Quiniou,S. Garrigue,A Le Mouroux,P Le Métayer,Jacques Clementy +9 more
TL;DR: The pulmonary veins are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and these foci respond to treatment with radio-frequency ablation.
Book
Cardiac Electrophysiology : From Cell to Bedside
Douglas P. Zipes,José Jalife +1 more
TL;DR: Part I - Molecular Bases Of Ion Channel Activity PART II - Biophysics and Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channels PART III - Pharmacology of Card cardiac Ion Ch channels PART IV - Cellular Electrophysiology PART V - Models of Cardiopulmonary Excitation PART VI - Neural Control ofCardiac Electrical Activity
Journal ArticleDOI
Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force.
Donald M. Bers,Yujie Zhu +1 more
TL;DR: The major cellular structures involved in E-C coupling include myofilaments, Na/Ca exchange and the sarcolemmal Ca-pump as mentioned in this paper, as well as the sources and sinks of activator calcium.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes.
Ching-Hsing Luo,Yoram Rudy +1 more
TL;DR: The model provides the basis for the study of arrhythmogenic activity of the single myocyte including afterdepolarizations and triggered activity and can simulate cellular responses under different degrees of Ca2+ overload.
Journal ArticleDOI
A model of the ventricular cardiac action potential. Depolarization, repolarization, and their interaction.
Ching-Hsing Luo,Yoram Rudy +1 more
TL;DR: Simulation of the membrane action potential of the mammalian ventricular cell shows the importance of the slow recovery of INa in determining the response of the cell and relates these phenomena to the underlying ionic channel kinetics.