Journal ArticleDOI
Serum cholesterol level and mortality findings for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group.
James D. Neaton,Henry Blackburn,David R. Jacobs,Lewis H. Kuller,Duck Joo Lee,Roger Sherwin,Joanna Shih,Jeremiah Stamler,Deborah Wentworth +8 more
TLDR
The association of serum cholesterol with specific causes of death varies in direction, strength, gradation, and persistence, and further research on the determinants of low serum cholesterol level in populations and long-term follow-up of participants in clinical trials is necessary.Abstract:
Background.— With increased efforts to lower serum cholesterol levels, it is important to quantify associations between serum cholesterol level and causes of death other than coronary heart disease, for which an etiologic relationship has been established. Methods.— For an average of 12 years, 350 977 men aged 35 to 57 years who had been screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial were followed up following a single standardized measurement of serum cholesterol level and other coronary heart disease risk factors; 21 499 deaths were identified. Results.— A strong, positive, graded relationship was evident between serum cholesterol level measured at initial screening and death from coronary heart disease. This relationship persisted over the 12-year follow-up period. No association was noted between serum cholesterol level and stroke. The absence of an association overall was due to different relationships of serum cholesterol level with intracranial hemorrhage and nonhemorrhagic stroke. For the latter, a positive, graded association with serum cholesterol level was evident. For intracranial hemorrhage, cholesterol levels less than 4.14 mmol/L ( Conclusions.— The association of serum cholesterol with specific causes of death varies in direction, strength, gradation, and persistence. Further research on the determinants of low serum cholesterol level in populations and long-term follow-up of participants in clinical trials are necessary to assess whether inverse associations with noncardiovascular disease causes of death are consequences of noncardiovascular disease, whether serum cholesterol level and noncardiovascular disease are both consequences of other factors, or whether these associations are causal. ( Arch Intern Med . 1992;152:1490-1500)read more
Citations
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European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)
Massimo Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Y.M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W M Monique Verschuren +25 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (MDE) on the risk of stroke.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implications of Recent Clinical Trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines
Scott M. Grundy,James I. Cleeman,C. Noel Bairey Merz,H. Bryan Brewer,Luther T. Clark,Donald B. Hunninghake,Richard C. Pasternak,Sidney C. Smith,Neil J. Stone +8 more
TL;DR: The trials confirm the benefit of cholesterol-lowering therapy in high-risk patients and support the ATP III treatment goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <100 mg/dL, and confirm that older persons benefit from therapeutic lowering of LDL-C.
Journal ArticleDOI
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Massimo Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja-Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Yvo M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W. M. Monique Verschuren +25 more
TL;DR: ABI is ankle-brachial (blood pressure) index and ABPM is ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as mentioned in this paper ; ACCORD is action to control cardiovascular risk in Diabetes and Vascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) : the fifth joint task force of the European society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts).
Joep Perk,G. De Backer,Helmut Gohlke,Ian D. Graham,Zeljko Reiner,Monique Verschuren,Christian Albus,Pascale Benlian,G Boysen,Renata Cifkova,Christi Deaton,Shah Ebrahim,Miles Fisher,Giuseppe Germanò,Richard J. Hobbs,Arno W. Hoes,Sehnaz Karadeniz,Alessandro Mezzani,Eva Prescott,Lars Rydén,Martin Scherer,M Syvänne,Scholte op Reimer Wjm.,Christiaan Vrints,David R. Wood,José Luis Zamorano,Faiez Zannad +26 more
TL;DR: The ESC Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents as mentioned in this paper summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim to assist physicians in selecting the best management strategies for a typical patient, suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk-benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means.
Journal ArticleDOI
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Massimo F Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Christi Deaton,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja Lisa Løchen,Maja Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Yvo M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W. M. Monique Verschuren,Simone Binno +32 more
TL;DR: Authors/Task Force Members: Massimo F. Piepoli (Chairperson), Arno W. Hoes (Co-Chairperson) (The Netherlands), Stefan Agewall (Norway) 1, Christian Albus (Germany)9, Carlos Brotons (Spain)10, Alberico L. Catapano (Italy)3, Marie-Therese Cooney (Ireland)1, Ugo Corrà (Italy).
References
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Regression models and life tables (with discussion
TL;DR: The drum mallets disclosed in this article are adjustable, by the percussion player, as to balance, overall weight, head characteristics and tone production of the mallet, whereby the adjustment can be readily obtained.
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The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
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Stephen MacMahon,Richard Peto,J E Cutler,Rory Collins,P D Sorlie,James D. Neaton,Robert D. Abbott,Jon Godwin,Alan R. Dyer,Jeremiah Stamler +9 more
TL;DR: The DBP results suggest that for the large majority of individuals, whether conventionally "hypertensive" or "normotensive", a lower blood pressure should eventually confer a lower risk of vascular disease.
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Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease
Frick Mh,O. Elo,Haapa K,Olli P. Heinonen,P. Heinsalmi,P. Helo,Jussi K. Huttunen,Kaitaniemi P,Koskinen P,Manninen +9 more
TL;DR: Results are in accord with two previous trials with different pharmacologic agents and indicate that modification of lipoprotein levels with gemfibrozil reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease in men with dyslipidemia.
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Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).
TL;DR: The data of high precision show that the relationship between serum cholesterol and CHD is not a threshold one, with increased risk confined to the two highest quintiles, but rather is a continuously graded one that powerfully affects risk for the great majority of middle-aged American men.
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