Journal ArticleDOI
Social dominance in monkeys: Dopamine D2 receptors and cocaine self-administration
Drake Morgan,Kathleen A. Grant,H. Donald Gage,Robert H. Mach,Jay R. Kaplan,Osric A. Prioleau,Susan H. Nader,Nancy Buchheimer,Richard L. Ehrenkaufer,Michael A. Nader +9 more
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TLDR
PET imaging data demonstrate that alterations in an organism's environment can produce profound biological changes that have important behavioral associations, including vulnerability to cocaine addiction.Abstract:
Disruption of the dopaminergic system has been implicated in the etiology of many pathological conditions, including drug addiction. Here we used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to study brain dopaminergic function in individually housed and in socially housed cynomolgus macaques (n = 20). Whereas the monkeys did not differ during individual housing, social housing increased the amount or availability of dopamine D2 receptors in dominant monkeys and produced no change in subordinate monkeys. These neurobiological changes had an important behavioral influence as demonstrated by the finding that cocaine functioned as a reinforcer in subordinate but not dominant monkeys. These data demonstrate that alterations in an organism's environment can produce profound biological changes that have important behavioral associations, including vulnerability to cocaine addiction.read more
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The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III—The Final Common Pathway
Oliver D. Howes,Shitij Kapur +1 more
TL;DR: The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia-version III is synthesized into a comprehensive framework that links risk factors, including pregnancy and obstetric complications, stress and trauma, drug use, and genes, to increased presynaptic striatal dopaminergic function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic Stress, Drug Use, and Vulnerability to Addiction
TL;DR: The effects of regular and chronic drug use on alterations in these stress and motivational systems are reviewed, with specific attention to the impact of these adaptations on stress regulation, impulse control, and perpetuation of compulsive drug seeking and relapse susceptibility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impulsivity, compulsivity, and top-down cognitive control.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the vulnerability to stimulant addiction may depend on an impulsivity endophenotype, and characterize in neurobehavioral and neurochemical terms a rodent model of impulsivity based on premature responding in an attentional task.
Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice: The emerging field of behavioral cardiology
TL;DR: New approaches to improve the delivery of behavioral services and patient adherence to behavioral recommendations are reviewed, based on the understanding that psychosocial and behavioral risk factors for CAD are not only highly interrelated, but also require a sophisticated health care delivery system to optimize their effectiveness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review.
TL;DR: Findings of previous studies implicating migration as a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia and a quantitative index of the associated effect size are synthesized to suggest a role for psychosocial adversity in the etiology of schizophrenia.
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